綠色植物自供電環境監控系統探討及研究

The Investigations and Studies of Self-Powered Environmental Monitoring System Using Plant Itself.

湯凱昱(Kai-Yu Tang)

指導教授 ： 蕭桂森

國立暨南國際大學/科技學院/光電科技碩士學位學程在職專班/碩士(2018年)

摘要

再生能源是指來源不會匱乏的能源，目前研究範圍包含了太陽能、風力、水力、潮汐能、太陽能、地熱以及生質能源，其中全球能源產量中生質能所佔的比例日益增加。生質能源是指將生物所產生的有機物經轉化程序而衍生出的能源，包括電、熱、生質柴油以及生質能產氫，其優點有污染排放性低且可將廢棄物回收再利用或是將放棄物分解，是一種兼顧環保且可永續經營的能量來源。
微生物燃料電池的早期研究多以提升產電效能為主，在技術發展逐年成熟後，連結其他領域的概念拓增微生物燃料電池的應用性，目前主要的應用方面有：
一、廢水處理：
在廢水處理過程中藉由微生物降解有機物以達到水質淨化並且同時產電的效果。
二、生物產氫：
藉由輸入外部能量以克服熱力學上的障礙，並可將發酵反應的副產物藉由微生物催化電解之方式轉化成氫氣，有效提升產氫量。
三、生物感測器：
陽極中的基質濃度與陰極中的電子受體之消耗量皆和電池產出電流成正比，因此可以用作生物需氧量的感測器，此感測器未來更是可以應用在現場監測與控制上。
本研究主要在探討如何利用綠色植物生長的土壤來發電，並做出最佳的土壤與電極來製做模組，在天候及環境等不確定的因素，希望能設計一個利用綠色植物發電可獨立供給能源方式為目的，供給感測電子元件驅動，利用分散式架構做感測系統，運用無線傳輸做遠端監控。
首先，測量不同地方的土壤，發現土壤的發電量會因為地區、植物數量或水分的多寡，進而影響土壤的發電量。串聯不同杯數的土壤會因為串接量增多了，所以將提高它的發電量。電極的面積越大，所接觸到的土壤面積較大，可以一次傳輸較多的電，發電量也較大。
雖然想利用環保廢棄物想要做出更環保好用的電極，但是實際測量的結果，發現還是由鋅、銅電極可以產生較大的發電量效應，由於各種電極的活性不同，所以能傳輸的電不同。300克的濕土加 100克的乾土發電量最高，可知土壤的濕度會影響發電量。土壤的導電度和酸鹼值與發電量並沒有直接的關係。產氣量和發電量有直接的關係，產氣量越多，發電量也越高。串聯16組電池模組，可讓LED燈持續發光66小時，澆水後亦能持續發光；最後我們運用分散式架構微型開發版Nano Arduino，配合微型感測器，用電量於90mA，對分散式架構的感測器是足夠的，使用凌陽創新科技，所開MUART0-PP-N-N模組，具有低電量高傳輸，非常適合農業務聯網使用，利用綠色植物發電所提供環境監控系統，並隨著作業將植物生長數據電子化，並進行自動記錄，顯示利用平時視為微電的綠色植物發電，也可作為新一代能源的創新運用。

關鍵字

微生物燃料電池 ； 電解質 ； 土壤 ； 植物 ； 發電 ； 物聯網 ； 感測器

並列摘要

Renewable energy refers to energy sources that are not scarce. The current research scope includes solar energy, wind power, hydropower, tidal energy, solar energy, geo-thermal energy and biomass energy. Among them, the proportion of biomass energy in global energy production is increasing. Biomass energy refers to the energy derived from the conversion of organic matter produced by organisms, including electricity, heat, bio-diesel and biomass. Hydrogen has the advantages of low pollution emission and recy-cling of waste. Or the decomposition of the abandonment is a source of energy that is both environmentally friendly and sustainable.
The early research on microbial fuel cells is mainly to improve the power generation effi-ciency. After the technology development matures year by year, the concept of connect-ing other fields expands the applicability of microbial fuel cells. At present, the main ap-plication areas are:
1.Wastewater treatment:
Degradation of organic matter by microorganisms in the wastewater treatment process to achieve water purification and simultaneous electricity production.
2.Biological hydrogen production:
By inputting external energy to overcome thermodynamic obstacles, and by-products of the fermentation reaction can be converted into hydrogen by means of microbial cata-lytic electrolysis, thereby effectively increasing the amount of hydrogen produced.
3.The biosensor:
The concentration of the matrix in the anode and the consumption of electron acceptors in the cathode are proportional to the current produced by the battery, so it can be used as a sensor for biological oxygen demand. This sensor can be applied to field monitoring in the future. Controlled.
This study is mainly to explore how to use the soil grown by green plants to generate electricity, and to make the best soil and electrodes to make modules. In the uncertain factors such as weather and environment, I hope to design a green plant to generate electricity. For the purpose of supplying energy, the sensing electronic component is driven, the distributed architecture is used as the sensing system, and the wireless transmission is used for remote monitoring.
First, we measure the soil in different places and find that the amount of electricity gen-erated by the soil will affect the amount of electricity generated by the soil, depending on the area, the number of plants, or the amount of water. The combination of different cups of soil will increase its power generation due to the increased amount of tandem. The larger the area of the electrode, the larger the area of the soil that is contacted, the more electricity that can be transferred at one time, and the larger the amount of elec-tricity generated.
Although I want to use environmentally friendly waste to make a more environmentally friendly electrode, the actual measurement results show that the zinc and copper elec-trodes can produce a large power generation effect. Because of the different activities of various electrodes, they can be transmitted. The electricity is different. 300 grams of wet soil plus 100 grams of dry soil has the highest power generation, and it is known that the humidity of the soil affects the amount of electricity generated. The conductiv-ity and pH of the soil are not directly related to the amount of electricity generated. There is a direct relationship between gas production and power generation. The more gas production, the higher the power generation. The 16-cell battery module is connect-ed in series to allow the LED lamp to continuously emit light for 66 hours. It can also continue to emit light after watering. Finally, we use the distributed architecture mi-cro-development version of Nano Arduino, with a miniature sensor, the power consump-tion is 90mA, and the dispersion is The sensor of the architecture is sufficient. Using the innovative technology of Lingyang, the MUART0-PP-NN module is equipped with low power and high transmission, which is very suitable for the networking of agricultural business, and provides environmental monitoring system by using green plant power generation. Electronically planting plant growth data with the industry and recording it automatically shows that it can be used as a new generation of energy by using green plants that are usually regarded as micro-electricity.

並列關鍵字

Microbial fuel cell ； Electrolyte ； soil ； plant ； Power generation ； Internet of Things ； Sensor.

參考文獻

[1]吳敏資(2014)以導電碳墨發展微生物燃料電池與電解電池之整合系統.

[2]Marjolein Helder (2012), D.P Strik, H.V.M. Hamelers, C.J.N. Buisman, The flat-plate plant-microbial fuel cell: the effect of a new design on internal resistances, Biotech-nology for Biofuels, 5, 2012, 70.

[3]Grove, W.R. (1852) On the Electro-Chemical Polarity of Gases. Philosophical Transac-tions of the Royal Society of London 142: 87-101.

[4]Potter, M.C. (1911) Electrical Effects Accompanying the Decomposition of Organic Compounds. Proceedings of the Royal Society

[5]Regan, J.M., and Logan, B.E. (2006) Electricity-Producing Bacterial Communities in Mi-crobial Fuel Cells. Trends in Microbiology 40:512-518.