輕度認知障礙與輕度失智症者的憂鬱程度、社會支持與自我照顧相關性研究

本研究欲瞭解輕度認知障礙與輕度失智症患者之自我照顧能力，探討輕度認知障礙者與輕度失智症患者個人特質、憂鬱程度、社會支持對自我照顧能力之影響。研究採取量化研究方法，選取埔里地區81位受訪者，以面訪方式進行問卷調查，並輔以質性訪談方式，訪問1位輕度認知障礙者，2位輕度失智症患者，主要研究結果如下： 1.憂鬱程度對自我照顧能力呈顯著負相關，代表憂鬱程度愈低，自我照顧能力愈好；社會支持對自我照顧能力呈顯著正相關，代表社會支持愈高，自我照顧能力愈好。 2.研究結果發現CDR評估分數、憂鬱程度與社會支持對自我照顧能力迴歸模式有影響達顯著相關，整體模型解釋力為27.8%。 3.從質性資料中得知，自我照顧能力包含兩個核心概念，第一為注意身體健康，第二為不要讓家人擔心。輕度認知障礙與輕度失智症患者努力讓自已不要成為家人眼中的麻煩者，所以他們重視身體保健，也在意家人們對自己的想法。 4.最後，根據研究發現就輕度認知障礙與輕度失智症自我照顧能力提出建議。在政策面，建議加強對輕度認知障礙的宣導與確診、強化失智友善社區對失智症早期發現與預防之服務；在實務面，建議落實輕度認知障礙與輕度失智症患者自我照顧課程、給予輕度認知障礙者與輕度失智症患者足夠的社會支持，以及用優勢觀點看待輕度認知障礙者與輕度失智症患者；學術面，建議發展輕度認知障礙者與輕度失智症老人自我照顧能力量表、進行輕度認知障礙者與輕度失智症自我照顧能力相關研究。

關鍵字

輕度認知障礙；輕度失智症；自我照顧能力

並列摘要

The aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of depression, social support, and self-care on elderly people with mild cognitive impairments and mild dementia. This study investigates the demographic characteristics of elderly people with mild cognitive impairments and mild dementia, depression, and social support which affects such tendencies. This study mainly follows a quantitative research method and selected 81 older people in Puli, Taiwan for an interview survey in addition to subsequent qualitative interviews with 1 of the elderly people with mild cognitive impairments and 2 of the elderly people with mild dementia. The main findings are outlined below: 1.“Depression” is negative relative to self-care. This means that the lower the depression score, the higher the self-care score. “Social support” is positioned relative to self-care. This means that the higher the social support scores, the higher the self-care scores. 2.The results show that the clinical dementia rating scale scores, depression scores, and social support scores of elderly people with mild cognitive impairments and mild dementia are significantly correlated with their self-care. All of these variables accounted for 27.8%. 3.The qualitative interviews found that there are two main ideas elderly people with mild cognitive impairments and mild dementia have about their self-care. First is the idea to “take care of myself,” and the second is “don't make my family worry.” Elderly people with mild cognitive impairments and mild dementia try not to be troublesome to their family, so they try to keep in good health because they worry about their family’s view of them. 4.Finally, the study proposes recommendations regarding elderly people with mild cognitive impairments and mild dementia’s self-care based on research findings. As a policy aspect, this study suggests strengthening advocacy and diagnosis for those with mild cognitive impairments, strengthening a dementia-friendly community for early detection and treatment in the early stages of dementia. As a practical aspect, this study recommends implementing self-care courses for patients with mild cognitive impairments and mild dementia and having enough social supports for elderly people with mild cognitive impairments and mild dementia. This requires a paradigm shift, moving from seeing them as people with mild cognitive impairments and mild dementia with strengths to encounter life’s adversities and having the capacity to learn, grow, and change. As an academic aspect, this study suggests developing a self-care scale for elderly people with mild cognitive impairments and mild dementia, and to continue correlation studies about elderly people with mild cognitive impairments and mild dementia.