探討台灣精密機械產業中小型企業產品創新發展過程：從資源基礎理論觀點

在今日快速變動的環境裡，企業面臨日趨激烈的競爭環境，技術和顧客需求都快速變動下，產品生命週期縮短，企業若想要繼續的生存就必須不斷的更新自己的能力以提高組織的適應力，而產品創新通常是企業能力更新的主要方法及推動力。當公司現有的資源能力與產品創新的配適度越高的話，通常新產品成功的機會就越大，因此，在資源有限的情況下，管理者有效的配置資源就顯得十分重要。此外，高階主管不應只是看眼前產品創新所達成的短期財務績效，而更應在乎是否從產品創新中獲得新的知識、能力，因為這些知識、能力能夠避免未來的失敗而提高未來成功的機率，假若新能力能夠有利潤地應用至任何新產品，則就能夠發揮長期的功效。本研究期望透過資源基礎理論及產品創新的相關文獻，從新產品開發過程中廠商之技術能力與顧客能力觀點出發，來探討精密機械中小型企業能力與產品創新之相互影響關係，並對於資源動態過程的相關問題進行探討。本研究為探索性研究，以高科技產業中的精密機械產業為研究對象，採用個案研究方式，進行開放式之深度訪談。研究結果指出公司現有的技術能力及顧客能力會影響公司產品創新之發展，並且所累積的能力存量受路徑相依性的影響，陸續地影響公司未來產品創新發展之類型。另一方面，公司在產品創新過程中會發展新的技術能力及顧客能力，且所累積之新技術能力及新顧客能力受路徑相依性之影響，而限縮公司未來技術能力及顧客能力發展之範圍。此外，本研究也發現公司在切入新的領域或於新領域經營初期會藉由公司現有技術能力尋求及建立公司新的顧客能力；顧客能力建立後，則公司會透過顧客能力，進而發展出新的技術能力。

關鍵字

資源基礎觀點；產品創新；路徑相依

並列摘要

In the environment changed fast today, enterprises face the keener competition environment day by day. Because technologies and customer's demand all change fast, product life cycle shortens. If enterprises are to survive, they need to continuously renew themselves in order to improve their adaptation, and product innovation is usually the main method of competence renewal. If new products are with a closer fit to firm existing resources/capabilities, it tends to be more successful. So it is more important for administrators to allocate resources effectively under the situation of limitary resources. In addition, executives should not just look at the short-term financial performance achieved by product innovation, but also at if obtaining new knowledge or capabilities from it. Because these knowledge or capabilities gained from failed products can raise the successful probability in the future. If new capabilities are profitably applied to any new product, it can show the long-term performance. This study expects to pass the relevant literature of resource-based theory and product innovation, proceed from the view of company’s technological capabilities and customer capabilities in the course of new product development, to probe into the reciprocal relationship between precision machinery SME’s capabilities and product innovation, and carry on the discussion to the relevant problems of resource dynamics. This study is exploratory research, and takes Taiwan precision machinery industry as the research object; the study is carried out in the way of the case study, conducting in-depth and unstructured interviews. The finding of this study is that company’s existing technological capabilities and customer capabilities will influence the development of product innovation, and the capabilities stock accumulated is affected by path dependencies, will successively influence the type of company’s future product innovation. On the other hand, company will develop new technological capabilities and customer capabilities in product innovation, and the new capabilities accumulated are affected by path dependencies, will limit the range of the technological capabilities and customer capabilities development in the future. In addition, this study also finds that company, entering into new market or managing on the initial stage of new market, will seek and set up new customer capabilities with existing technological capabilities; after customer capabilities are set up, then the company will pass customer capabilities to further develop new technological capabilities.