部落發展恢復力指標建構

位於臺灣南投縣仁愛鄉南豐村的眉溪部落(Alang tongan)擁有豐富之生物多樣性資源及賽德克(Seediq)原住民傳統特色文化等，非常適合發展生態、深度旅遊。部落其中以蝴蝶最為著名，早期為日本及臺灣之蝴蝶標本採集地，而過去因受大量獵捕蝴蝶、土地過度開發，部落發展期間又經1999年921大地震、2004年颱風所引發的72水災之山崩及以及每年不定期颱風與超大梅雨所形成土石流潛在的威脅，使社區及生態環境遭受嚴重破壞；加上青壯年人口外流嚴重，進而影響部落經濟、生態及傳統文化傳承之種種相關問題，已成為部落發展之阻礙。然而，原住民部落面臨發展阻礙相關問題時，該如何評估部落受到影響之恢復能力？而其中之評估因素為何？本研究彙整國內外恢復力(Resilience)相關文獻，透過部落權益關係人深度訪談及模糊德爾菲法(Fuzzy Delphi Method, FDM)專家問卷，收斂出部落發展恢復力之指標。最終指標分為五大構面包含經濟(3)、社會(14)、文化(4)、生態環境(3)以及政策(2)，26種評估類型，共計45項的評估項目。研究結果指出在原住民部落中，社會恢復力指標「排除阻礙之能力」、「接納刺激之能力」、與「部落與外部資源的連結度」是在過去恢復力研究中不曾提及的。文化恢復力指標也首度將「維繫傳統祖訓與尊重祖靈規範」納入。最後，本研究建議後續研究者可延續此恢復力指標，將此指標運用於其他原住民部落發展之恢復力程度評估中。此26種評估類型也將會是未來部落、社區面臨突發狀況/災變時，在調適與重建過程中首要必須考量的因素。

關鍵字

恢復力；部落發展；指標建構；模糊德爾菲法

並列摘要

Alang Tongan, located in Nanfeng Village, Nantou County, Taiwan, has a good geographical location with convenient transportation. It is rich in abundant resources and the traditional characteristics of Seediq (one of sixteen aboriginal tribes in Taiwan), etc., and is very suitable for development as an eco-destination.It was most famous historically for its collection of butterfly species at the End of 19th Century and in the Early 20th Century, but due to the previous over hunting of butterflies, an earthquake measuring 7.3 on the Richter scale in 1999, landslides and other natural disasters, it has suffered serious damage to both the community as well as to the ecological environment. These coupled with the serious outflow of young generation from the community and also has affected the development and economy of the tribe. These ecological damages, the loss of the traditional culture and other negative issues, have obviously become obstacles to the development of tribes. However, how can an indigenous community assess the resilience of the tribe when it is affected by an array of constraints? What are the assessment factors of resilience? This study consolidated relevant domestic and foreign literature on resilience, through in-depth interviews and the Fuzzy Delphi expert questionnaire to identify an indicators of indigenous community development resilience; it eventually identified 5 domains, 26 types, and 45 evaluation indicators. The final indicators are divided into five domains: economic (3), social (14), cultural (4), ecological environment (3) and policy (2). It has been recognized that within the indigenous community, the social resilience indicators: "the ability to overcome obstacles", "the ability to accept stimuli" and "the degree of connection between tribal and external resources" were not mentioned in the past studies of resilience resaech. For the first time the cultural resilience indicator was also included: “Maintain the traditional ancestral teachings and respect for ancestral norms”. Finally, this study suggests that follow-up researchers may extend this resilience indicator, to apply these indicators to the assessment of resilience in the social, economic, cultural, environmental and policy aspects of other indigenous community. These 26 types of assessment will also be the factors that must be taken into account in the process of adaptation and reconstruction when the community is faced with emergencies or catastrophes.