社會工作者的工作壓力對其職業倦怠之影響－以人格韌性與督導支持為調節變項

根據過去許多工作壓力相關研究指出，工作壓力與職業倦怠為正向關係。本研究以資源保存理論（Conservation of Resource；COR）為主軸，探討社會工作者面對工作壓力時，會如何影響其職業倦怠，並加入個人資源（人格韌性）與能量資源（督導支持）視為資源的補充。分別將工作壓力、人格韌性、督導支持為自變項，職業倦怠為依變項，再加入人格韌性與督導支持為調節效果。本研究採用問卷調查法，以社會工作者作為研究對象，共收回302份有效問卷。資料分析包含信度分析、描述性統計、Pearson 相關係數分析、階層迴歸分析等。研究結果發現，（一）社會工作者的工作壓力越大，其職業倦怠感越高；（二）社會工作者的人格韌性越高，其職業倦怠越低；（三）人格韌性對工作壓力與其職業倦怠之調節關係並不顯著；（四）督導支持越高，其職業倦怠越低；（五）非工作職場面的督導支持反而增強了社會工作者的工作壓力與其職業倦怠之關係。最後，本研究依據研究結果進一步說明管理上的實務意涵與未來研究建議。

關鍵字

人格韌性；工作壓力；資源保存理論；督導支持；職業倦怠

並列摘要

The work stress is a positive correlation with burnout. The present study applies the theoretical perspective of conservation of resource (COR), to study how does work stress of the social workers affect on their burnout, furthermore, add personal resources (resilience) and energies resources (supervision support) as a supplement to resources. The study applies work stress, resilience and supervisor support as an independent variable; burnout as a dependent variable; resilience and supervisor support as moderators. This study uses a questionnaire survey. A total of 302 valid questionnaires from social workers, analyzed with reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, hierarchical regression analysis. Analyses revealed that: (1) The more significant the work stress of social workers, the higher their sense of burnout. (2) The more significant the resilience of social workers, the lower their sense of burnout. (3) Resilience has a non-significant moderate effect on the relationship between work stress and burnout. (4) The more significant the supervisor support of social workers, the lower their sense of burnout. (5) Informal Workplace Supervisory support strengthens the relationship between social workers' work stress and burnout. According to the results, this study further illustrates the practical implications of management and future research recommendations.