少子化現況及因應政策之探討

本文主要探討台灣生育現況、背後可能的成因，以及歸納整理台灣和其他國家之生育現況、政策，並提出個人觀點，以期給予我國生育政策上若干建議。台灣的低生育率背後可能因素為有偶率下降、教育程度、經濟收入壓力、社會價值觀的改變等。但事實上為1.台灣女性初婚年齡上升，延後生育年齡，且結婚率年年下降；2.社會價值改變使不婚人數上升，長期受儒家思想影響，婚育是正常現象，因此延後生育與結婚率下降使生育數量下降。本研究建議從結婚率、經濟收入之穩定性、補助、延長產假和育兒假等方向訂定相關完整的支持政策，期許提昇生育水準。

關鍵字

生育率；生育政策；初婚年齡；結婚率

並列摘要

This thesis aims to look at the fertility rates and the reasons leading to low fertility rate over Taiwan and some countries, in order to find the keys for stimulating fertility. The main reasons causing the decline in fertility in Taiwan include: The first, more and more women delayed their marriage, or decided never married; The second, social norms influenced by Confucianism culture make people are not willing to have a child if they do not get married. The two reasons lead to fewer new births over recent years. This research gives some suggestions for encouraging fertility rate: improving the rate of marriage, stabilizing the household income, increasing the amount of childcare subsidies, and allowing to increase the period of maternity leave and parental leave.