台灣發展觀光賭場之探討--以金門為例

台灣從民國85年12月召開的國家發展會議中，已將發展觀光賭博產業列為增加稅收、發展地方的建議主題，經建會也將之列入經濟發展議題總結報告當中，但是十幾年下來，雖然經過了兩次的政黨輪替，仍未定案，然而對照週邊的亞洲國家，例如：澳門開放賭場經營權後，不斷吸引外資投入，也提升原有賭場的管理制度與品質，而新加坡政府也在西元2005年解除賭禁，認為開放觀光賭場是振興經濟與吸引觀光人潮的好辦法，其新建的綜合式觀光賭場娛樂城，將於西元2009年陸續落成啟用，台灣則失去原本可以藉由觀光賭場來賺取外匯的機會。除了上述的澳門與新加坡之外，在亞洲地區還包括俄羅斯（海參崴）、日本、南韓、菲律賓、越南、柬埔寨、馬來西亞、泰國、尼泊爾等均已開放或正在研議開放觀光賭場，本研究認為其中代表兩種意涵，其一是各執政當局均把「拼經濟」列為高度優先的施政主題，而開放觀光賭場只是其中的工具、其二是這些地區幾乎環繞了中國大陸，可爲其新富階級提供一個觀光消費的特殊所在；西元2006年澳門的博彩收入達到72億美金，首度超越了美國拉斯維加斯，成為世界第一大賭城，可再次說明其中的變化。本研究認為澎湖與金門離島可能是國內最適合開放觀光賭場的地點，國內也有多位專家學者已對澎湖設立觀光賭場提出各種見解，本研究則對未來若金門設置觀光賭場另做課題與探討。就觀光賭場的定義與類型、觀光賭場設立之影響、及金門觀光發展概況等文獻分析後，初步歸納出可能存在基礎配套設施與觀光規劃發展等兩個層面的問題，作為本研究初期之主題，再經由德爾菲專家意見調查法第一、第二、第三回合來選定與確認主題，同時ㄧ併納入專家於問卷提供之相關建議，最後在基礎配套設施方面包括：土地取得、設置入出境管理局、交通運輸、公共設施、水電供應、醫療資源等六項主題；而在觀光規劃發展方面則包括：大型室內娛樂場、酒店旅館設施、人才培育等三項主題。

關鍵字

觀光賭場；金門

並列摘要

In the National Development Conference held in December 1996, Taiwan has listed the development of tourism and gambling industry as a propositional topic for increase in tax and development of local areas. Besides, the CEPD has also included the industry in the summary report of economic development issues. After more than a decade, however, it hasn’t been finalized yet while Taiwan has undergone the second transfer of political power. Among neighbor Asian countries, for example, Macau keeps attracting foreign investment after it has allowed the establishment of casinos, which also improves the managerial systems and qualities of existing casinos. Having lifted the ban of gambling, the Singapore government deems the opening of touring casinos a good way to revitalize the economy and attract streams of tourists. And the new comprehensive touring casinos built by the government will be completed and inaugurated in 2009. In contrast, Taiwan has lost the opportunity to earn foreign exchanges which could have been earned through touring casinos. Besides Macau and Singapore mentioned above, Asian countries including Russia (Vladivostok), Japan, South Korea, Philippine, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand and Nepal have opened or planned to open touring casinos, from which the study suggests two implications: first, all government authorities have stated the ultimate improvement of economy as high-priority governmental issue, for which the opening of touring casinos is only a tool; second, as nearly surrounding mainland China, these areas may serve as special sites of tour and shopping for the Chinese new-rich class. In the year of 2006, lottery income of Macau has reached up to 7.2 billion U.S. dollars, and for the first time Macau has surpassed Las Vegas in the U.S. and become the world’s largest city of casino, which again shows the change. The study suggests that the off-islands such as Penghu and Quemoy may be the best destinations for establishing touring casinos, and a number of experts and scholars in Taiwan have proposed various views on the establishment of touring casinos in Penghu. The study has additionally set a topic and examined the future establishment of touring casinos in Quemoy. After analyzing the definition and types of touring casinos, effects of the establishment of touring casino and the development survey of Quemoy’s tourism, the study concludes possible issues at two levels, namely supporting infrastructures and tourism planning and development, as the initial themes. Then the themes are selected and confirmed through the first, second, and third round Delphi Expert Opinion Survey Method, in conjunction with relevant advices from experts in questionnaires. Finally, the issues of basic supporting infrastructures include six themes, such as acquisition of land, establishment of the Entry-Exit Administration Bureau, transportation, public facilities, electricity and water supply, and health care resources; and the issues of tourism planning and development include three themes such as large indoor entertainment centers, hotel facilities, and personnel training .