汪端從名媛才女到宗教導師的生命轉向

論文摘要論文由生命史的視角析論汪端「才」、「德」、「名」、「命」的自我觀照，並以陳文述、汪適孫分別編校之《自然好學齋詩鈔》不同版本，瞭解盛清文人對女性價值的審視與定位的考察。經由兩個性別的視野出發，可見女性才德觀於明清的轉變。而流行於明清的文媛仙化現象，突顯出「才女命薄」對文士、閨閣發生的作用及影響。「才」、「德」、「名」三者與「命」的相悖關係，成為明清文人、才女致力尋求平衡的課題，此正是汪端自才媛而至宗教導師之生命轉向的重要因素。從汪端生命歷程的呈現，可見宗教於女性精神寄託及提供實踐社會關懷的管道，對才女命定觀的超脫有極大的影響。才學女性經由宗教尋求「命」的安頓，也印證了性別對女性於「才」、「德」、「名」追求的禁錮。

關鍵字

汪端；仙化；女性宗教；才德名命

並列摘要

Abstract： This thesis first analyzes the self-seeing of Wang Duan with a life-history perspective in four ways: talent, virtue, reputation, and destiny; and also observes how High-Qing intellectuals examine and orientate feminine value from different versions of Zi Ran Hao Xue Zhai Shi Chao edited individually by Chen Wenshu and Wang Shisun. Different genders make different concepts of women’s talent and virtue in Ming and Qing dynasties. That talent women are deified is a prevailing phenomenon in Ming and Qing dynasties, explaining how deep the idea—talent women living short— influences both intellectuals and talent women themselves. To maintain the equilibrium of the contrast relation between destiny and talent, virtue, and reputation had become the challenge for both intellectuals and talent women in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and this turned Wang Duan into a female religious master instead of being a talent woman. Wang Duan’s life history presents that religion offers the spiritual sustenance for women and provides ways to practice social concern; thus, talent women liberate themselves from destiny and because of religion and this simultaneously verifies that women were imprisoned by gender that stops them chasing the talent, virtue, and reputation.