中高齡智能障礙者使用活躍老化支持服務之經驗與轉變

人口老化發展的趨勢，除了一般人口外，在智能障礙者族群中，從人口數據統計及相關文獻的探討中，都可以知道其提早老化及老化人口增加的速度。又，智能障礙者普遍給予社會大眾的刻版印象，都認為其像孩子一般，但其實智能障礙者也開始面對迎接著生心理上的老化。實務場域中，中高齡智能障礙者的服務也因應著老化的發展與看見，逐漸開始被重視和提供服務。研究者服務單位所提供的活躍老化支持服務，則是以活躍老化的概念為基礎，提供相關的支持服務。本研究採用質性研究中的訪談法，主要探討中高齡智能障礙者使用活躍老化支持服務的經驗以及轉變。從6位中高齡智能障礙者的生活故事出發，說明使用服務的過程經驗、使用服務的轉變及相關影響因素及未來發展。經分析討論後發現，每一位受訪對象的轉變及經驗都是個別化，但從經驗分享的內容中，仍可以發現一些相類似之處，根據研究發現與分析獲得以下結論： (一)中高齡智能障礙者因老化而有需求：生理上產生變化、健康照護的需要、友善環境的建構、隱藏的手足議題、生死課題。 (二)活躍老化有助於中高齡智能障礙者的經驗與轉變：就近在社區中參與使用、實際參與是維持活力的方式、不可或缺的支持系統、個別化且適合的管道。 (三)在社區中維持活力和參與是最終目標：成為參與自己生活的主角並持續學習、維持互動及安全的生活在社區中。最後，針對研究結果就社會政策的規劃層面、實務工作服務層面及學術研究層面提出相關建議。

關鍵字

中高齡智能障礙者；活躍老化；經驗；轉變

並列摘要

In addition to the general population, the trend of population aging development can be known from the statistics of demographic data and the discussion of related literature in the population of people with intellectual disabilities. In addition, people with intellectual disabilities generally give stereotypes to the general public, thinking that they are like children, but in fact, people with intellectual disabilities are also beginning to face the psychological aging of students. In the field of practice, the services of aging people with intellectual disabilities have gradually evolved in response to aging development and vision.Start to be valued and provide services. The active aging support service provided by the researcher service unit is based on the concept of active aging and provides related support services. This study uses the interview method in qualitative research, mainly to explore the experience and changes in the use of active aging support services for aging people with intellectual disabilities. Starting from the life stories of 6 aging people with intellectual disabilities, the process experience of using services, the changes in using services and related factors and future development will be explained. After analysis and discussion, it was found that the changes and experiences of each interviewee are individualized, but from the content of experience sharing, some similarities can still be found. Based on the research findings and analysis, the following conclusions are obtained: (1)The aging people with intellectual disabilities have needs due to aging: physiological changes, the need for health care, the construction of a friendly environment, hidden hand-foot issues, and life and death issues. (2)Active aging contributes to the experience and transformation of aging people with intellectual disabilities: participation in the neighborhood, actual participation is a way to maintain vitality, an indispensable support system, and individualized and suitable channels. (3)Maintaining vitality and participation in the community is the ultimate goal: to be the protagonist of participating in your own life and to continue to learn, maintain interaction and live a safe life in the community. Finally, based on the research results, the social policy planning level, practical service level and academic research propose relevant suggestions at the level.