- 學位論文
芬蘭小學教師職前培育制度之探究：一所大學的個案研究
An Inquiry on Finnish Elementary School Pre-Service Teacher Education : A Case Study of Jyväskylä University
摘要
芬蘭小學教師職前培育制度配合國家發展，在不同時期，扮演著不同的角色與功能，為國家提供適切的教育與人力資源。瑞典與俄羅斯統治時期，擔負宗教文化傳遞與再製的功能；立國時期，擔負教育傳遞與人力培植之角色；社會福利國家時期，扮演國家建設先鋒的引領者角色。今日的成就，有賴歷次師資培育改革，逐步提升教師專業與教師素質，轉變教師的社會地位與形象。專業萌芽時期，師資培育機構學院化，施以大學層級的訓練；黃金改革時期，師資培育科學化、學術化，施以碩士層級的訓練；學術地位鞏固時期，豎立起以研究為基礎的高素質教師培育模式。 以約瓦史庫拉大學師資培育系為例的小學教師職前培育制度，顯示綜合大學師資培育系的培育模式屬於一元、定向的有限制開放參與，能夠型塑教學專業乃是一種無法隨意替代養成的形象；師資培育系的入學門檻高，競爭激烈，脫穎而出者往往已具備傑出的智識與良好的教職認同。師資培育系課程涵蓋溝通與定向、教育學專業、專門學科三大類。溝通與定向強調自我學習與探索、培養良好溝通能力與終身學習能力；教育學專業，以研究為基礎，培養師資生以研究為基礎的教學思維；專門學科課程，培養實務教學能力，最受到師資生的肯定與青睞。師資培育系的師資培育者在教學與研究方面，總是扮演引領者的角色，成為師資生最好的模範。實習課程循序漸進，連續而完整的短期實習規劃，有助師資生掌握默會知識與增加試教的信心。教師訓練學校設備完善，提供完善的指導。整體而言，芬蘭小學教師職前培育制度，重視培養師資生的反思、探究與批判思考能力。
並列摘要
The pre-service education for elementary school teachers in Finland has been developed during Finnish national development. At the different stages of Finnish national development, this training course has provided many different functions depending on the history and society background. For example, during the time when Finland was dominated by Sweden and Russia, the pe-serice elementary teacher education was more focused on teaching knowledge and training skills. After Finnish declaration of independence and by the time when Finland had a better foundation of social welfare, the education became more focused on guiding and encouraging the pre-servicer ementary teacher to have a independent thinking and learning ability. These experiences has helped to gradually improve the quality of the teacher training courses as more professional knowledge and systematic teaching strategies are required for a teaching position. In this thesis, a case study which was carried out by observing field studying the performance of the pre-service teacher education for elementary school teachers in the Department of Teacher Education, Jyväskylä University, Finland will be discussed. Their teacher education course is divided into three main categories including communication and orientation program, research based program and practical teaching skill training program . These programs provide various benefits for the learners such as training the communicating skills which enable the elementary school teachers to guide the students onto the path of learning, and developing a comprehensive and individual thinking based on the research studies.