被壓迫的專業?－台灣社會工作者壓迫感受之主體經驗初探

台灣通過社會工作師法後正式邁入證照化階段，然而社會工作嚴峻的執業環境持續考驗實務工作者，本研究旨在了解台灣社會工作者受壓迫的主體經驗與感受，採用質量並用之研究方法，以學者Iris Young所闡述五種壓迫面向為理論架構，透過網際網絡進行研究問卷發放，最終回收336份有效問卷，依照因素分析結果探討「勞動條件與工作環境」、「社會工作專業不自主」、「服務對象」、「權威者與科層體制」四項因素之影響，並邀請7名受訪者進行質性訪談。檢視社會工作者主體經驗，超過半數的問卷題項分別有超過七成的受訪者感受到這些壓迫情境，台灣社會工作者受壓迫為一事實，研究結果顯示：（一）在勞動條件與工作環境和專業自主性的感受上，社工員受到壓迫主體經驗感受較社工師明顯。（二）在服務對象的感受上，承接政府委辦方案的社工受到壓迫主體經驗感受較無承接的社工明顯。（三）在勞動條件與工作環境的感受上，實務年資5年以上社工受到壓迫主體經驗感受較1年以下明顯；在服務對象的感受上，實務年資3~5年和5年以上的社工受到壓迫主體經驗感受較1年以下明顯、5年以上亦較1~3年明顯。（四）在勞動條件與工作環境的感受上，實領薪資26,000~29,000元的社工受到壓迫主體經驗感受高於其他實領薪資的社工。台灣社工勞動環境與困境，近年來逐漸受到公民營單位重視，除了改善福利待遇，更需要重新檢視、傾聽第一線工作者於執業環境中所受壓迫與侷限，重視基層聲音與建議，共同營造社會工作者穩定就業環境，提供專業服務品質。

關鍵字

社會工作者；壓迫；主體經驗；勞動環境

並列摘要

After the approval of the Social Worker Act, Taiwan officially entered the licensing stage. Nevertheless, the severe working environment of social works continues to challenge social workers. This study aims to investigate the experiences and feelings of the oppression that Taiwanese social workers face at work. The research was conducted using both quality and quantitative research methods. This study employed the five types of oppression oriented by scholar Iris Young as its theoretical framework. The questionnaires were distributed via the Internet, in response to which, 336 valid questionnaires were collected. According to the results of factor analysis, the four factors of "labor conditions and working environment", "the professional non-autonomy of social work ", "client ", "authority and bureaucracy " are discussed. Seven interviewees were invited to conduct qualitative interviews. On examining the subject experience of social workers, more than half of the respondents, to be more specific, over 70% of the respondents indicated that they have experienced different situations of oppression. It is concluded that Taiwanese social workers are oppressed in reality. The research shows: (1) In terms of labor conditions and working environment and professional autonomy, the Social Workers’ experience of being oppressed is more obvious than that of the Senior Social Workers. (2) Regarding the feelings of the client, it is obvious that the social workers who undertake the government's commissioned programs are more oppressed than the social workers have no government's commissioned program. (3) In terms of working conditions and the feelings of the working environment, the oppression experience of social workers with 5 years’ experience is more obvious than those with fewer-than-one year’s experience; As for the feelings of the client, the social workers who have been working for 3 to 5 years and more than 5 years face more oppression than those who have fewer than one year’s experience, and those with more than 5 years’ experience face more oppression than those who have been working for 1 to 3 years. (4) In terms of working conditions and the feelings of the working environment, social workers who receive a salary of 26,000 to 29,000 NTD experience more oppression than other groups. In the recent years, the predicament and harsh working environment of social work in Taiwan have gradually been understood by the public and private sectors. In addition to improving welfare benefits, it is even more important to re-examine and hearken the oppression and limitations of front-line social workers in practice. It is also suggested that voices and suggestions of grassroots should be paid attention to and different sectors work together to create a stable working environment for social workers, and provide professional service quality.