埔里地區土地利用的成本效益分析：以地理資訊系統定位農地轉用為生態保護區之最適區位

近年農業逐漸被服務業和工業所取代，再加上台灣加入WTO和ECFA的影響，農業受到嚴重的衝擊，因此政府積極推動農業轉型為生態旅遊用途。根據農委會的估計，2007年農業占GDP之比重為1.45％，加計農業相關1、2、3級產業則約占11％，而至2010年則略增至11.21％，因此藉此提高農業附加價值，可有效的提高農民收入和競爭力。　　農業轉型為生態旅遊產業必須仰賴當地的生態資源，然而政府在推動轉型時不僅需考量農業產值與生態旅遊產值的相對優勢，更應考量不同農業作物生產過程的生態系統服務功能(Ecosystem Service)，例如：尼加拉瓜政府和全球環境基金(Global Environment Facility, GEF)合作對農民補貼，讓農地發展生態系統服務功能，以增加生態物種多樣性，及林木涵養水源與固碳效果(Pagiola et al., 2007)。另外，生態旅遊的發展更應考量人類對生態保護區的影響、交通要道與物種稀有度等指標。目前台灣未有具體研究整合多面向指標以提供地方政府規劃區域經濟的發展，因此本研究應用地理資訊系統(Geographical Information System, GIS)整合埔里地區的土地利用、地質環境、鎮村里界圖、交通建設與社會經濟指標等資料，並應用成本效益分析(Benefit-Cost Analysis)評估每單位土地之農業產值、農業生態服務系統價值、觀光產值、休閒價值等，有效選取最適農業用地轉用為生態保護區，以期加速經濟繁榮，促進均衡地區發展，提供就業機會。

關鍵字

生態服務價值；成本效益分析；地理資訊系統；生態保護區

並列摘要

In recent years, the agriculture in Taiwan has been fast diminished, especially after joining WTO and the ECFA. Meanwhile, the government has managed to promote the development of the value-added agriculture: eco-tourism. According to the Council of Agriculture, in 2007 the share of agriculture in GDP is 1.45%. But if counting the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd levels of agriculture-related industries, the share is about 11 %. In 2010, the share is slightly increased to 11.21%. As can be seen, the added value of agriculture effectively increases farmers' income and their competitiveness. The development of eco-tourism majorly relies on the local ecological resources. However, the promotion plan of eco-tourism should not only consider the comparative advantages between the eco-tourism and agriculture, but also the ecosystem services of different agricultural crops production process. For example, the government of Nicaragua cooperated with the Global Environment Facility (GEF) on subside farmers who develop their farms with the function of ecosystem services by increasing the ecological diversity, water conservation, and the carbon sequestration effect, etc (Pagiola et al., 2007). In addition, it is important to consider the human impact on the ecological protection areas, transportation routes, species rarity and other indicators. Currently, Taiwan has no specific studies integrating multiple-oriented indicators to provide the local government the information of planning the regional economic development. Therefore, in this study, the Geographical Information System (GIS) was applied to integrate indicators such as land use, geological environment, boundary maps of towns and villages, transportation facility, and social economic information. By applying cost-benefit analysis, the agricultural output value per unit of land, the agro-ecosystem service value, tourism output value, leisure value were evaluated to effectively select the optimal farmlands to be developed as an ecotourism area, which may help to accelerate economic prosperity, improve the balance of regional development, and provide employment opportunities.