臺灣與芬蘭小學數學教科書之比較研究－課程連結的觀點

九年一貫課程的特色是以「連結」主題為核心。連結的意義在於使學生認識和使用數學觀念之間的連結，了解數學觀念彼此連結和互相建立以產生連貫的整體，在數學外的脈絡中認識與應用數學。而教科書是教學的主要依據，是表達課程內涵的具體操作媒介。因此，本研究旨在探討台灣、芬蘭小學數學一至六年級教科書中連結自然科學類與社會類題材數量差異的情形、圖文內容呈現的情形。研究對象為臺灣九年一貫課程「康軒版」數學教科書與芬蘭國家核心課程「WSOY版 Laskutaito in English」數學教科書，本研究採用內容分析法，研究結果發現如下：一、芬蘭小學數學教科書連結自然科學類、社會類題材之次數多於臺灣。二、題目設計上，台灣康軒版連結單一學科，連結的問題設計較為直接簡單，芬蘭Wsoy版連結多個學科跨科統整，連結的問題設計較為複雜且注重鋪陳。三、台灣康軒版小學數學教科書連結題材類型較少，芬蘭Wsoy版較為生動豐富多元，插圖美觀精緻。四、芬蘭Wsoy版小學數學教科書的連結，配合不同階段的數學需求，佈題設計由淺入深，由少而廣，課程彈性；台灣康軒版各冊根據分年指標編寫佈題易受限。五、芬蘭Wsoy版小學數學教科書在社會類課程本土化與國際化素材的融入，較台灣康軒版紮實。

關鍵字

小學數學教科書；「連結」主題

並列摘要

Grade 1-9 Curriculum features the theme of “connection”, meaning that students may know and use the connection between mathematics concepts to understand mutual connections and establishments for the production of a coherent whole, recognizing and applying mathematics to outside mathematical context. Textbook is the main teaching basis for a specific operation medium to express curriculum connotation. Therefore, this study aims to explore the difference of quantity and presentation of image-text between grade 1-6 mathematics textbooks connecting natural sciences and social sciences between Taiwan and Finland elementary schools. Research objects are “Kanghsuan version” mathematics textbooks in Taiwan’s grade 1-9 curriculum and “WSOY version Laskutaito in English” mathematics textbooks in Finland’s national core curriculum. This study uses content analysis method and have obtained the following conclusions: 1. Finland elementary school’s mathematics textbook has more connections to natural science and social sciences than Taiwan. 2. Regarding subject design, Taiwan’s Kanghsuan version textbook connects to a single subject with more direct and simple subject designs; Finland’s Wsoy version textbook connects to several subjects for cross-subject integration with more complicated and elaborate subject designs. 3. Taiwan’s Kanghsuan version textbook connects to fewer material types and Finland’s Wsoy version connects to more vivid and multiple types with beautiful and delicate illustrations. 4. Finland Wsoy version textbook’s connections match mathematics requirements in different stages for subject designs from easy to difficult and less to widely, curriculum flexibility; subject designs in Taiwan’s Kanghsuan version textbook are inaccord with grade index in each volume are easy to be restricted. 5. Finland’s Wsoy version elementary mathematics textbook has more solid integration into social sciences localization and international materials than Taiwan’s Kanghsuan version. Keywords: elementary school mathematics textbooks, “connection”theme