公共服務動機量表與前導因子之實證研究

公共服務動機(PSM)自Perry and Wise(1990)提出後，在國際間已形成一股研究的風潮，我國亦不例外。綜觀大多數的研究，重點著眼於PSM的內容意涵、檢測量表的提出與修正，以及形成PSM的前導因子(antecedents)與結果影響(consequences)，其中，對結果影響的研究顯著的多於前導因子。本研究以學者的研究為基礎，採用驗證式因素分析檢測Perry(1996)與Kim et al. (2013)兩份PSM量表在我國的適用情形（信度、效度與配適度），於修正後分別得到Perry(1996)三構面12題量表，以及Kim et al. (2013)四構面12題量表。經過競爭模型比較結果，顯示Kim et al. (2013)修正量表優於Perry(1996)修正量表。同時，Kim et al. (2013)修正量表具有跨界恆等性，得適用於公、私部門之員工檢測。此外，研究顯示，公部門員工的PSM程度高於私部門員工，而PSM也的確可能會影響工作的選擇。再者，本研究引用國外學者之研究，較為完整的探討我國形成PSM的前導因子。多元迴歸的研究成果顯示，個人屬性中，工作單位與個人平均月收入兩項與公共服務動機顯著相關。社會歷史系絡中，僅「家庭社會化」一項與PSM達到統計上的顯著。動機系絡中，則有「組織文化」、「專業與學習」兩項跟PSM有顯著的正相關。整體而言，PSM前導因子在我國與國外的情形略有差異，但是以我國的情況而言，推動理性型的組織文化與員工的專業學習，可以促進員工的PSM程度，也有助於政府服務績效與效能之提升。

關鍵字

公共服務動機；量表；驗證式因素分析；前導因子；工作選擇

並列摘要

Based on Perry and Wise(1990), public service motivation(PSM) meant to be ‘an individual’s predisposition to respond to motives grounded primarily or uniquely in public institutions and organizations,’ and after the scale developed by Perry in 1996, it has been researched international now, and raised a basic question that the theory and research developed in the United States can be understood and used in other areas or countries? In 2013, Kim et al. developed a scale after revised the conceptual and operational definitions of PSM, and an international test in 12 countries. They suggested that although the research has been taken by a more systematic and comprehensive approach, it is doubted that there is a single universal scale of PSM, and the exact meaning and scaling of PSM dimensions are likely to differ across culture and languages. In Taiwan, there have been many researches appled the scale of Perry’s to test the degree of civil servants, but got differents conclusions. This study tested the scales which propoed by Perry (1996) and Kim et al. (2013) by sampling 327 public and private sector emploees, and found that the revised scale which including four dimensions and 12-item of Kim et al.’s is more fit in Taiwan. The antecedents of PSM are also an important issue in the PSM theory, but got less concern than consequences. This study exams the ancedents which proposd and tested by Perry(1997, 2000), Perry et al.(2008), Maynihan & Pandey(2007) and Vandenabeele(2014), and found that the factors of family socialization, religious socialization, donation behavior, volunteering behior, organizational culture, profession & learing and tranfomatioal learding are partialy related to PSM. Working in the publis sector and income are also positively related to PSM.