冒險治療在喪親青少年悲傷復元之探討

喪親青少年獨特的、延遲的、隱藏的悲傷特質，使我們很不容易發現他們的需要，不論是在台灣還是在國外的福利服務，多半還是仰賴醫療體系及安寧照顧機構，來提供喪親家庭的服務，也因此喪親青少年不易被找到、並且發現需要，喪親青少年便成了青少年福利服務的邊緣人。因此本研究以質性訪談法為基礎，邀請十位喪親青少年參與為期十四天的單車冒險治療方案，並在方案結束後進行兩次訪談，期待能了解喪親青少年的主觀生命經驗，在論文中去探討喪親青少年在冒險治療方案中的經歷，以了解冒險治療方案對悲傷復元的幫助。研究結果發現喪親青少年在參與冒險治療後，在行為、人際、心理特質等方面有所改變，還包括：體能進步、自我認同的提升、面對困難的能力提升、開始有新的興趣、請求協助的能力提升、有自我改變的渴望、有改變的行動力、有明確的生涯目標、與悲傷和平共處，這與他們在冒險治療方案中所經歷學習經驗有關係，包括：團隊關係、關係／人際力、受助與助人經驗、全方位價值契約、獨特的治療關係。復元效果也與他們在冒險治療方案中的感受有關係，包括有：快要放棄、害怕、冒險成為樂趣、學習面對、正向的經驗、我做到了。在本次研究中也從方案執行過程，紀錄了社會工作者在參與冒險治療方案的處遇角色，包括：團體帶領、個案晤談、環境介入等。綜合以上研究結果，研究者從以下三個面向來提出反思與建議：對喪親青少年的關懷服務模式、對冒險治療應用在青少年處遇方案、以及對冒險治療研究設計，期待能對推展喪親青少年處遇方案以及社工執行冒險治療處遇有幫助。

關鍵字

喪親；青少年；冒險治療；復元；優勢觀點；方案

並列摘要

The grief about bereaved adolescent is unusual, postponed and disguised. So that We usually cann’t to find their need. Whatever in Taiwan or other countries, the social worker servers in the bereaved adolescent is almost depended on healthcare system or hospice care agency. Therefore the bereaved adolescent is not easy to find and understand their need. They are the marginalized of youth welfare services. This is a qualitative research, and development an adventure therapy program that leading ten bereaved adolescents to complete a travel by bicycle during fortheen days. When they completed the program, there will two interviews following the program. TO get to know how was the subjective perspective from bereaved adolescents description what life is like and to understand the benefits of adventure treatment programs for the grief recovery. The research finds that bereaved adolescent have changes in behavior , interpersonal, psychological traits after they participate adventure therapy. The results included the physical achievement, self-identity enhanced, improving ability to face difficulties, seeking help, the desire for self-change, changing action, clear goals of career, peace with grief. That’s related with their learning experience in this adventure therapy program, including the team relationship, interpersonal power, full value contract, unique therapeutic relationship. The effect of recovery is also related to the feeling that is about to give up, be afraid, funny in adventure, facing the challenge, positive experience, “I can do it” in adventure therapy program. In the research also record the role of social worker to carry out treatment in this program, including the leadership in group work, interview and environmental intervention. In conclusions, the results of this study present reflection and propose about bereaved adolescent service model, adventure therapy apply to adolescent program, adventure therapy research design. Hope the study can helpful for promotion the bereaved adolescent treatment program and social worker participate in adventure therapy programme implementation.