觀看與再現：《小說月報》（1910-1920）世界與自我的多重展示

本篇論文以1910-1920《小說月報》為研究對象，以「世界」和「自我」之間的互涉為問題核心。因著感知到外面世界的改變，對照到自我的變化，而這一連串的轉換，藉由文字的再現表達出來。首先，從中國人的「新」觀看經驗著手。以在《小說月報》中的遊記作品為例，可以發現「櫥窗式」觀看的影響了他們對歷史的感受。國外的遊記則呈現了他們看向世界之後再回視自身，為中國尋找出最合適的定位與努力的目標。同時，讀者藉由閱讀得知生活新知，使「世界」的大與無限，反襯出「自我」的小與有限，這部分與小說敘事角度的轉變有相同的意義。接著，從敘事角度的觀點切入，觀察作者「說故事」的方式，呈現出來的是對世界「瞬間」、「斷裂」的認識。而公╱私跨界的現象，使得公與私之間形成了模糊地帶。另外，雖然對於「我」的主體認知還未成熟，但在「世界」與「自我」相互關係的消長之下，藉由文字的再現透露出邁向現代的不安及焦慮。《小說月報》中大量對於女性的論述及描寫，是不容忽視的層面。雖然發聲的幾乎都是男性，但這可以反映出男性認為女性該如何面對世界，以及女性被捲入其中可能遇見的問題。在婚姻以及「國」、「族」、公德╱私情之間，藉由觀看許多新現象，或是形塑各種境遇下的女性身影，發展出女性面對被徹底重新塑造，或者女性自身對自我重新建構的急迫性問題。

關鍵字

《小說月報》；焦慮；歷史意識；女性問題；現代性體驗；世界與自我

並列摘要

The object of the thesis is Xiaoshuo Yuebao (Short Story Magazine) and the thesis focuses on its publication from 1910s to 1920s. The central question is the interrelationship between “the world” and “the self.” With the awareness of the outer world and compared with the change of the self, the series of changes could be expressed by the representation of words. First of all, the thesis begins with the discussion of Chinese “new” seeing experience. This part takes the traveling notes in Xiaoshuo Yuebao for example, and we may find that the window-shopping-like seeing has a great influence on their attitude toward history. The traveling notes about foreign journeys present that they reflect themselves after seeing the world and mean that they look for the most applicable position and the goal for their country. In addition, readers obtain new knowledge of life by reading. The large and immense “world” reflects the small and limited “self,” and this contrast has the same meaning with the change of the point of view in the novel. Second, we observe that from the perspective of the point of view in the novel, writers’ “storytelling” represents their understanding toward the world is “temporary” and “fragmental.” Also, the situation of blurring the boundary between the public and the private makes an ambiguous space between the two. Furthermore, although the cognition of the self is not matured enough, under the impact of the active interrelationship between the world and the self, the self reveals his or her anxiety to the modern society through the representation of words. Finally, the thesis argues that a large number of descriptions and discussions of women in Xiaoshuo Yuebao cannot be neglected. The speakers are almost men, but this situation reflects that men think how women should face the world and it points out some possible problems when women are involved. Among marriages, nations, races, social morality and the private emotion, an urgent issue, that is how women face themselves while they completely are re-shaped or how women re-identify themselves, is raised through seeing different situations and shaping different female images.