個人高等教育成本分擔—貸款與工讀的運用

本研究旨在探討個人高等教育成本分擔的情況，利用問卷調查國立暨南國際大學的學生，以及擷取臺灣高等教育資料庫，94學年度大三學生問卷調查的部份原始資料，進行統計分析。並使用多項式Logit模式，試圖瞭解學生在貸款與工讀的選擇模式與其背景變項間有無關係。最後根據文獻探討與研究結果，獲得以下幾點結論：一、高等教育階段學生經費來源情況（一）不論是學雜費或是生活費，都是以「父母或親戚支付」為最主要來源。（二）從身份別來看，除去「父母或親戚支付」來源外，一般生求學經費的其他來源以「就學貸款」為主；僑生與外國學生多依靠「自行支付」與「助學金」等其他來源。（三）從父母的教育程度來看，父母的教育程度越高，所提供的經費來源比例越高，「自行支出」與「就學貸款支出」的比例就越低。（四）從家庭年收入來看，家庭年收入越高，父母所提供的經費比例越高，貸款比例越低；家庭年收入越低，學生自行支付生活費的比例越高。二、高等教育階段學生生活支出情況（一）加上各類學校學雜費，粗算一位公立大學學生平均一年要花費16萬256元；私立大學學生花費為22萬2560元。（二）男性的平均花費較女性高；外國學生的花費高出平均數甚多；私立大學的生活支出最高；家庭年收入越高，學生的平均生活花費越多。三、高等教育階段學生工讀情況（一）有四成的學生有參與工讀，其中女性比例高過男性，僑生與外國學生高過一般生，公立大學高過私立大學，私立技職大過公立技職。（二）父母的教育程度越高，學生參與工讀的比例越低；家庭年收入越高，學生參與工讀的比例越低。根據上述結論，提出下列建議以供參考：一、落實高等教育機構財源多元化二、改善就學貸款制度三、健全高等教育就學資助方案與政策四、重視家庭社經地位對學生就學不利的現象五、正視個人高等教育支出費用並妥善規劃理財

關鍵字

工讀；多項式Logit模式；成本分擔；就學貸款

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to inquiry individual cost-sharing in higher education. The data are collected from integrated higher education database system in Taiwan and questionnaires of National Chi-Nan University students. Author estimated a multinomial logit model to identify the demographic and financial profile of students who actually make use of such loan programs and/or of work opportunities. According to literature review and researching results. Author found that students’ financial resource mostly comes from relatives. And the targeted demographic groups, such as students from low-income families, low-educated parents appear more likely than others to make use of loan and work opportunities. Based on the discoveries mentioned above, the fallowing is the suggestions which are provided for the educational administration authorities and institutions. I、 To fulfill the diversification of financial resource in higher educational institutions. II、 To overlook and improve the system of student loan. III、 To build up overall subside programs and constant policies in higher education. IV、 To take account of the influence between family social-economic status and the opportunity of students’ access to higher education when making decisions. V、 Be centre on individual cost-sharing in higher education and well-arranged financial management.