屏東縣瑪家鄉禮納里永久屋災後遷村之研究

2009年8月8日發生莫拉克風災，又稱八八水災，是台灣有天然災害記錄史以來第三大災難，更特別的是，這次受災地區有七成是在台灣原住民鄉，政府基於照顧受災居民，透過「莫拉克颱風災後重建條例」啟動原鄉遷村行動。研究者當時有參與救災、安置、社區家園遷村援建計畫專案六年，在援建歷程中，觀察到規劃者推動「遷村政策」與受災居民行使「公民參與」的權利交互運用的過程有相互影響的現象。本研究以屏東縣瑪家鄉禮納里永久屋社區遷村的歷程為研究素材，以文獻分析法及深度訪談法，希冀能從重遷村政策、措施及公民參與的情形，分析出有效的遷村成功措施及力有未逮的內容，作為日後重大災難需要進行遷村規劃時的參考，同時透過禮納里遷村歷程的文件整理，回饋給禮納里三村落社區組織作為部落遷村史的參考資料。研究發現，負責遷村規劃的政府與被遷村居民之間角色從認知誤解拉扯、溝通終至趨於雙方平衡邁向認同遷村共同目標而合作。例如，三村組成聯盟對外代表禮納里的公民意見，不斷用公民參與的方式試圖讓遷村政策有所調整希冀爭取社區最大的權益，包括興建棟數從308棟增至483棟；該社區獨特的文化廣場；堅持要有宗教信仰中心(9間教堂)；把瑪家農場改名為符合原住民傳統意涵的名字「禮納里Rinari」等等事件。總言之，災後人道救援在面對救援服務措施的規劃，仍要以人的基本需求被保障為重點，而人的基本需求收集最好的方法是讓人參與其中一起規劃，從本文研究者認為充分的公民參與會有助於政策規劃執行成效。

關鍵字

八八水災；遷村；永久屋；政策規劃；公民參與

並列摘要

The disaster of Typhoon Morakot on August 8, 2009, also known as the 88 Flood, is the third major disaster in the history of natural disasters in Taiwan. In particular, 70% of the affected areas were in Taiwan Indigenous townships. The government took care of the affected residents, so started the relocation policy of the Indigenous villages in accordance with the "Regulations on Post-Typhoon Morakot Rehabilitation and Reconstruction". At that time, the researcher was taking part in the projects of disaster relief, resettlement and community-based village-relocation and reconstruction for 6 years. During the process of relocation and reconstruction, the researcher had observed the phenomenon of interaction between the planners' policy of "relocation of the village" and the affected residents’ exercising rights of “citizen participation”. This study took the course of the relocation of the permanent housing community in Rinari Tribe, Majia Township, Pingtung County as the research material, and adopted the methods of literature analysis and in-depth interview. The researcher hoped to analyze the effective measures and the uncaught contents on the basis of the relocation policies, measures and citizens' participation in order to make a reference for the planning of village relocation in case of a major disaster in the future. At the same time, through the documents collation of the course of the relocation of Rinari Tribe, the feedback to the community organizations of three villages in Rinari Tribe can be a reference for the history of the tribal relocation. This study found that the roles of the government responsible for the relocation planning and the residents in the relocated villages had a complicated story from the misunderstanding, communication, to the final balance result that is cooperation for the common identified goal of the relocation. For example, the three villages formed a union to represent the citizen's opinions of Rinari Tribe, and constantly practicing the strategy of citizen’s participation in order to make the village relocation policy adjusted to meet the biggest interests of the community, including the number of constructed buildings increased from 308 to 483; the unique Cultural Square of the community; Insisting to build the center of religious beliefs (9 churches); renamed the Majia Farm to the name “Rinari Tribe” according to the original meaning of the Indigenous tradition, etc. In general, in the face of the planning of rescue services, the disaster relief still needs to focus on the fundamental demands of humans. The best approach to collect people's fundamental demands is to let people involve in the planning together. From this article, the researcher believes that full citizen participation will contribute to the effectiveness of the implementation of policy formulation.