遺民之子的自我認同與建構－楊賓及其書寫探究

本文主要以明遺民楊越之子楊賓（1650—1720）為探討對象，透過楊賓一生的經歷及其詩文創作，探究他對於身為「遺民之子」的認同與建構。楊賓恪遵守父命，不仕清朝，強烈意識到自己「遺民之子」的身份，並積極建構作為遺民之子的價值與生命意涵。然而，在現實生活中，楊賓如何堅守遺民信念？當現實和理想產生矛盾和衝突，楊賓如何抉擇，採取怎樣的權變，方可不違背父親的囑咐與自己的身份堅持？同時，楊賓又是如何創造自我不朽的價值？開闢出作為遺民之子的人生道路。本文分為六章探討楊賓「遺民之子的自我認同與建構」。第一章針對研究主題與動機、文獻探討、研究方法及前人研究做一梳理。第二章，先是透過楊賓建構家族譜系及對於父親、母親的記憶、讚揚，挖掘楊賓對自我身份的肯定和認同。第三章，「故鄉與故國：在吳越之地行走」，藉著楊賓追憶故鄉安城、遊歷吳越歷史地景，以及最後決定終老，剖析楊賓對於自我身份的界定與追尋。第四章，「『孝』行邊塞：從吳地到寧古塔」，透過楊賓往寧古塔一路的詩作，探討他落實孝道「移孝作忠」的權變。第五章，從楊賓與朋友、幕主之間交往，了解他為人處世的原則。同時，透過楊賓交友作詩的特點，窺探他作詩的困境及強調「有用之學」，作為立言傳世的用意。

關鍵字

楊賓；遺民之子；身份認同；忠孝；權變

並列摘要

This article mainly focusses on the Ming loyalist Yang Yue’s son, Yang Bin (1650-1720); his life, his poetry compositions, and studies about him being the “son of loyalists” with his own identity construction. Yang Bin followed his father Yang Yue in abiding as Ming loyalist, refused to serve the Qing dynasty officials, was well aware of his “son of loyalist” identity, and made efforts to construct his own identity. The clarification of whether Yang Bin could stick to the spirit of loyalists in his real life, the choices he made at the times of conflict between reality and ideals, the path he followed abiding to his father's orders and adhere to his at the same time are being elucidated in this work. This work with the title “Self-identity and identity construction of loyalist's son” is divided into six chapters. The first chapter consists of the themes and motives, literature review, research methodology and gives an understanding about the previous studies. The second chapter introduces Yang Bin family lineage, his parents, and mining Yang Bin self-identity affirmation and recognition. The third chapter, “Hometown and motherland：Walk between吳region and 越region”. By Yang Bin recall 安城hometown and traveled 越 historical landscape, as well as finally he chose to end up in the吳region, analysis of Yang Bin for their definition and pursuit of identity. Chapter Four talks about Yang Bin’s poems, his filial piety, especially when he visited his parents in 寧古塔, Yang Bin couldn’t be a loyalty, like his father, because he never experienced in Ming dynasty. What he can do was to substitute filial piety with loyalty to the country, that I call it contingency. The fifth chapter speaks about the principles of Yang Bin, his communion with friends and Qing government officials and his achievements in writing. “有用之學” theory.