跨越物種的同伴：動物的陪伴效益

研究目的在於探討成人同伴動物飼主與同伴動物間的情感連結，以依附理論作為瞭解情感關係的架構；並以語言探索與字詞計算的方式作為測量同伴動物陪伴效益的工具，最後再比較同伴動物依附特質與同伴動物陪伴效益之間的關聯。研究的進行以量化與質性資料並行，共有14位參與研究之受訪者，填寫同伴動物依附量表，並完成實驗前後測的訪談，量化資料以C-LIWC進行計算與分析，再以質性訪談的文本分析豐富研究的觀點與視角。研究發現如下：一、受訪者與同伴動物之間的依附關係，以焦慮依附的特質較為明顯，同伴動物依附關係的樣貌也能反映在受訪者的人際關係中；但無論依附關係呈現何種特質，受訪者都認為同伴動物的存在具有獨特的意義，而個人在關係中所呈現的同伴動物依附特質、對於同伴動物關係的期待與需求，會表現在他們與同伴動物互動的行為與歷程中，透過這些互動的行為又再次深化他們與同伴動物之間的依附關係。二、同伴動物的陪伴效益在量化研究的結果中，呈現在受訪者在語言敘述上所展現的對環境細節的注意，以及認知歷程中的思考深度，對意義的探詢與自我對話；由受訪者的觀點，認為同伴動物的陪伴效益會因情境的不同而有所差異，除情緒的安撫與陪伴之外，透過反思與覺察，也能夠獲得對於同伴動物的陪伴之意義更深層豐富的體悟與洞見。三、而不同的依附關係特質對於陪伴效益的影響，反映在語言表達上關於社會歷程與認知歷程的差異。四、由質性訪談的分析結果，顯現出不同的依附關係特質會反映在與同伴動物的互動行為，也賦予同伴動物的存在以及同伴動物的陪伴效益不同的意義與詮釋。依據研究的發現，在討論中呈現本研究所面臨的限制以及未來研究的可能發展，同時提出對實務工作的應用與建議。

關鍵字

同伴動物；同伴動物依附關係；同伴動物情感連結；寵物依附關係； PAQ ； C-LIWC

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship and attachment between human and companion animals among adult companion animal guardians, and how the presence of a companion animal may affect the psychological process of the individual through the use of speaking language. Further more, this study also focus on an understanding of the differences of pet attachment and the effect of a pet’s companionship to human. Companion animal attachment was measured by the Pet Attachment Questionnaire (PAQ), interviews were conducted under the experimental settings with and without companion animals, the data then were analyzed by C-LIWC as a inquiry on psychological process. The findings suggested that the presence of the companion animal did not affect the feelings of participants during the interviews. However, the participants’ cognitive performances with the presence of companion animals implied deeper thinking and meaning searching. The attachment style also has influence on the effect of the pets’ companionship on human; as the result, participants with different pet attachment traits displayed different cognitive performance and social process during the interviews. Through the qualitative interviews, the results also suggested that participants with different pet attachment styles valued differently on their companion animals and the impacts from the companionship, they also had different insights of their relationship with companion animals. Based on the findings, psychological counselors and practitioners may regard the human animal attachments as an understanding to their clients; utilize the effect of the presence of companion animals and to consider the companion animals as a part of the clients’ social context. For future research, it may be essential and beneficial to access further on the correlation between pet attachment style and other personality traits and interpersonal attachment styles.