弱勢家庭青少年學業與打工抉擇之研究

本研究主要為探討弱勢家庭青少年學業與打工之間的抉擇，包含了經濟弱勢家庭青少年的打工經驗、相關因素、困境、環境現況與因應對策等目的，並且從中探討打工經驗對青少年未來的生涯規劃產生的影響為何。研究者利用深度訪談的方式蒐集研究資料，共訪談四位至少有一年打工經歷的青少年。本研究之發現如下：一、弱勢家庭青少年多是為了分擔家計而從事打工。但青少年打工亦有其優勢，包含替家中分擔經濟壓力、提升社會適應能力、學習承擔責任與正確判斷力、了解自我。二、青少年在面對家庭系統不穩定的狀況下，被迫承擔起照顧責任。三、學業表現與打工收入之間的拉鋸，青少年難取得平衡。另外，由於打工的因素，導致青少年往往得犧牲經營同儕網絡的時間。四、由於年齡壓迫與勞資不對等的現象，使得青少年容易落入窮忙的循環之中。五、缺乏福利制度的打工條件，使青少年的權益消失在無形之中。透過本研究發現，經濟弱勢青少年在打工方面的學習與收穫是值得肯定的。尤其是家人提供實質或精神上的支持、同學的幫助、同事的鼓勵以及老師的引導，是青少年在打工遭遇困難與挫折時，能夠提供其安定的重要力量。最後，根據研究發現，研究者針對青少年服務提出具體建議作為相關實務工作的參考。期待在實務場域中，我們可以提供更充足的就業機會與資訊供青少年選擇，甚至針對經濟弱勢家庭的青少年未來的生涯規劃給予適當的建議。

關鍵字

青少年；打工；弱勢家庭

並列摘要

The current study aimed to examine choices between academic studies and part-time jobs among teenagers of disadvantaged families (i.e., those teenagers’ part-time job experiences, relevant factors, challenges, current conditions of the environment, and corresponding strategies) and to investigate the effects of part-time job experience on teenagers’ future career planning. In-depth interview was employed for data collection. The participants were four teenagers having done part-time jobs for at least one year. The results were as follows: 1.Teenagers of disadvantaged families did part-time jobs mainly for sharing the livelihood. However, such experience has its advantages, including sharing the financial burden, enhancing social adjustment, learning to shoulder responsibilities, to judge correctly, and to better understand the self. 2.In face of instable family system, teenagers were forced to should the caring responsibilities. 3.In the stalemate between academic performances and part-time earnings, it is difficult for teenagers to strike a balance. Furthermore, due to part-time jobs, teenagers had to sacrifice their time of maintaining the peer network. 4.Age discrimination and unequal wage made teenagers easily become the working poor. 5.The lack of a sound benefit system made teenagers’ rights disappear imperceptibly. The results of the study revealed that what teenagers of disadvantaged families learned and gained from doing part-time jobs is rewarding. In particular, importance factors that helped them to maintain stable even in face of challenges and setbacks came from family members’ physical as well as spiritual support, classmates’ help, colleagues’ encouragement, and teachers’ guidance. Finally, this study provides suggestions for practices in teenager services. It is hoped that in authentic fields, more ample job opportunities and information could be offered for teenagers to choose. Appropriate suggestions about future career planning specifically for teenagers of disadvantaged families could also be provided.