中部五縣市國民中學校園閒置空間活化之研究

摘要臺灣各級學校受到少子女化的影響，學生人數逐漸減少，學校不斷減班，造成校園一直出現閒置空間，有些學校甚至須面臨遷校或裁併校的狀況。而學校也是社區發展的中心，一所學校過多的空間閒置會對整個社區產生負面的影響。因此校園閒置空間如何活化成為當前教育面臨的最重要的課題。依據本研究目的，首先蒐集整理國內外研究校園閒置空間之相關文獻，以成為本研究之理論基礎與研究架構。其次，採取文獻分析、問卷調查與半結構式訪談為主要研究方法，其中問卷調查共發出640份，回收625份，回收率為97.6%；半結構式訪談10位受訪者。依據研究目的與待答問題，參酌文獻探討結果編制調查問卷與訪談大綱，以瞭解我國目前校園閒置空間活化之現況，最後再提出結論與建議。綜合文獻探討、問卷調查統計結果及訪談資料，本研究結果發現：一、國民中學校園閒置空間現況校園區域較容易產生閒置狀態的空間有：1. 普通教室；2. 專科教室；3. 宿舍；4. 合作社；5. 儲藏室；6. 廁所；7. 涼亭二、校園閒置空間活化情形 (一)校園閒置空間活化實施成效達滿意等級 (二)校園閒置空間現況與少子女化、人口外移、經濟結構改變、新設校及自然災害有極大相關性 (三)校園閒置空間活化策略之運作狀況 1.由行政會議決定規劃活化方式為最多 2.由校園規劃小組決定規劃活化方式為最佳 (四)推動校園閒置空間活化最主要的困難點 1.明確立法及經費補助 2.維護的人力及財力 3.決策小組執行理念不同 4.先期規劃欠周詳 5.行政單位的支持 6.意見的整合 7.長遠的規劃，達到永續經營的目的三、校園閒置空間活化策略及未來活化方式 (一)校園閒置空間活化策略之重要性以「營造學校特色」、「符合不同需求」及「永續經營」為最重要 (二)校園閒置空間未來再規劃之方式以「教學區」、「運動休閒空間」及「會議聯誼空間」及「其他功能空間」為主要訴求 (三)、校園閒置空間活化未來可再規劃開放社區使用之方式以「幼兒教育」、「實驗教育」、「美感或藝文教育」、「社會教育機構」及「休閒運動類型」為主要訴求最後，根據本研究結果，分別針對中央政府層級、地方行政機關、學校行政運作以及後續研究等提出建議。

關鍵字

校園閒置空間；空間活化；少子女化

並列摘要

Abstract Schools at all levels are affected by the low birth rate in Taiwan. The number of students is gradually decreasing, and the schools continue to reduce classes. As a result, there has been vacant space on the campus, and some schools are even in the situation of being relocated or merged. Schools are also the center of community development, and very much of vacant school space in one school can negatively impact the entire community. Therefore, how to activate the vacant space on campus has become the most important issue with the current education. According to the research purpose, this research firstly collected and sorted out the relevant literatures in vacant school space research with domestic and foreign literature to become the theoretical basis and framework of this research. Secondly, the main research methods were document analysis, questionnaire survey and semi-structured interview. Among them, a total of 640 questionnaires were sent out and 625 were recovered, with a recovery rate of 97.6%; 10 respondents were interviewed in semi-structured form. According to the research questions to be answered, and referring to the results of literature research, the questionnaire and interview outline were compiled to understand the current status of the revitalization of vacant school space in our country, and finally put forward conclusions and recommendations. According to the comprehensive literature review, the questionnaire survey results and the interview data, the research result was found: 1. The current situation of vacant space on the campus of the Junior High School (1) The spaces that are more likely to be vacant in the campus area are: 1. common classrooms; 2. specialized classrooms; 3. dormitories; 4. cooperatives; 5. storage rooms; 6. restrooms; 7. pavilions 2. Activation of vacant space on campus (1) The implementation effect of the revitalization of vacant space on campus has reached a satisfactory level. (2) The current situation of vacant school space has great correlation with the low birth rate, population migration, changes in economic structure, new schools and natural disasters. (3) Operational status of the revitalization strategy of vacant space on campus a. It is up to the Executive Council to decide on the planning and revitalization method as the most. b. The campus planning team decides the best way to plan and activate (4) The main difficulty in promoting the activation of vacant space on campus a. Clear legislation and funding support b. Maintaining human resources and financial resources c. The decision-making group has different implementation concepts d. Incomplete planning in advance e. Administrative units support f. Integration of opinions g. Long-term planning to achieve the purpose of sustainable operation 3. Strategies for the revitalization of vacant school space and the direction of future promotion are as follows: (1) The revitalization strategy of vacant space on campus is to "create school characteristics", "meet different needs" and "sustainable operation" as the most important. (2) The future re-planning of the vacant space on campus will focus on "teaching area", "sports and leisure space" and "meeting and networking space" and "other functional space" as the main demands. (3) The revitalization of vacant space of the campus can be re-planned and open to the community in the future. The main appeals are "early childhood education", "experimental education", "aesthetics or arts education", "social education institutions" and "leisure sports type". Finally, according to the research conclusions, this study could make recommendations for the central government level, local administrative agencies, school administrative operations, and follow-up research.