正向心理學在本土宗教療癒之脈絡探究

本研究指在探討正向心理學在本土宗教療癒中之脈絡與內涵，包括在本土宗教療癒歷程當中，個人有哪些主觀知覺與態度、其中的調適行為與歷程為何，以及個人在本土宗教療癒歷程中展現了哪些正向的特質、力量與美德。本研究採用質性研究取向，以深度訪談法蒐集研究資料，總共訪問三位具有本土宗教療癒經驗之受訪者，訪談過後針對所蒐集資料進行分析，整理歸納出以下研究結果：一、求助者在求助時對本土宗教療癒的主觀知覺與態度求助者的主觀知覺態度包括：（1）持有多元嘗試與不迷信的態度；（2）相信問題可以透過本土宗教療癒獲得改善。本土宗教療癒提供替代、可行之目標，以及具體的路徑方法，且個人因相信仙佛加持而提高自我效能，此其為一個希望感灌注的過程；（3）個人亦感受與仙佛之間有被仙佛同理、接納、關注、與仙佛有特殊緣份等正向互動。二、求助者在接受本土宗教療癒後個人調適與改變包括相信仙佛神力而得到安心感與信心、由本土宗教世界觀對困境改框、相信有解決方法而積極行動、仙佛提供待人處世觀念灌輸、解決問題要靠自己力行等。而這些調適與改變事實上是一正向思考歷程，其徑路可整理為：（1）與仙佛信任互動產生情緒調適；（2）接受本土宗教世界觀改框與獲得解決方法；（3）相信仙佛神力與接受「個人造業個人擔」觀點而提昇自我效能；（4）積極問題補救與投入間接正向行動。三、求助者在整個本土宗教療癒歷程中，所顯現出的正向特質與力量由研究結果發現在正向情緒部份，包含安全、平靜、希望感、快樂的感受；正向美德包含：1.人道與慈悲；2.無私；3.樂於付出；4.歡喜心；5.知足；6.堅持與耐心等待；7.看重個人力量；8.重視個人修為；9.正向詮釋個人際遇；10.相信公平與正義；11.靈性尋求；12.感恩；以及有助於正向環境氛圍建立之特質包含投入宮廟組織獲得人際支持、以及重視家族團結與凝聚，以上皆為文化脈絡之下獨特之正向特質、力量與美德。最後研究者針對上述研究結果加以討論，並根據此結果針對心理諮商專業工作與未來研究方向提出相關建議，提供心理諮商專業工作者在工作執行上作為參考，未來相關研究亦可作為依據。

關鍵字

本土宗教療癒；正向心理

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to probe the context of positive psychology on indigenous religion healing, which includes an individual’s subjective perception, attitude and personal’s adjustment. Moreover, to probe the positive traits, strengths,and virtues a person have shown in indigenous religion healing precess. This study examines the in-depth qualitative interview method to collect data from three participants who have indigenous religion healing experience. After analyzing participants’ experience, three results can be summarized as follows: (1)The help seekers’ subjective perceptions and attitudes in indigenous religion healing: First, the help seekers would try multiple ways and not be superstitious. Second, they believe that the problem could be solved through indigenous religion healing. The indigenous religion healing provides a workable goals, and concrete pathways, besides, a person would believe the supernature beings’ power to raise their agency, which can be seen as a hope promoting process. Finally, they feel positive interactions with the supernature beings, including sympathy, being accepted and concerned. (2) The help seekers’ adjustment and changes after indigenous religion healing: The adjustments are as follows: They become relieved and confident because of their trust in supernature beings’ power, and reframe the problem by the world view of indigenous religion. And they start acting actively because they believe there are workable solutions. The supernature beings provide information about how to deal with interpersonal relationships. And they learn that they should conquer the problem by their own. Above all, it can be regarded as a positive thinking process, including 4 parts：First, good interaction with supernatural beings and believing in them,brings help-seekers emotional adjustments. Second, accepting the world view of indigenous religion makes help-seekers to reframe the problem and gain solutions. Third, believing the supernature beings’ power and accepting the view “a person should be responsible for his retribution of karma ” thus increase their self-efficiency and agency. Fourth, they start acting to solve the problems and invest in some indirect positive actions. (3) The help seekers’ positive traits and strengths in indigenous religion healing process: The first part is about the positive emotion, including safety, peace, hope, and happiness. The second part is about the positive traits and virtues, including : a. humanity and compassion, b. unselfish, c. willing to devote, d. joyful heart, e. contentment, f. insistence and endurance, g. thinking highly of personal strengths, h. focusing on personal emperance, i. interpreting experience in positive ways, j. having faith in fairness and justice, k. looking for intelligence, l. gratitude. The last part is about the traits that in favor of positive institutions, including joining in the religious group to get interpersonal support, and emphasizing the family union. Finally, according to the results, some suggestions are offered to counseling work and the future related research for reference.

並列關鍵字

indigenous religion healing ； positive psychology

參考文獻

萬文隆（2004）。深度訪談在質性研究中的應用。生活科技教育月刊，37（4），17-23。

Emmons, R. A., & McCullough, M. E. (2003). Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 377-389.

參考文獻