唇顎裂者婚姻適應探討

本研究目的在於探討唇顎裂者婚姻適應的經驗及影響要素，採用質化研究的方式，經由立意取樣，共選取九位符合標準的唇裂、顎裂或唇顎裂患者，透过深度訪談方式蒐集唇顎裂患者於婚姻適應的經驗與看法，研究發現歸納如下：一、受訪者婚姻適應經驗本研究發現受訪者與配偶關係發展的原因有「環境相近」、「親朋好友介紹」及「媒介單位促成」三種。在這樣的前提之下，受訪者婚姻決策的原因為「個人因素」、「不可預測因素」及「其他因素」三種。婚後生活部份包含「家庭生活適應面向」、「生育議題」及「原生家庭經驗」三個層面，與家庭生活適應面向有關的經驗，分別有「文化差異適應」、「價值觀的問題」、「家庭經濟壓力」、「姻親相處互動」與「年齡差距挑戰」五種；生育議題部分則有「平常心看待」、「醫療進步不擔憂」及「擔憂遺傳」三種；與原生家庭經驗有關的經驗則會有「沒有受到原生家庭影響」與「深受原生家庭影響」兩種。二、受訪者婚姻適應歷程現象關係發展部分，研究者歸納為「特質吸引」及「日久生情」兩種。婚姻決策階段，研究者整理為「交往至結婚發展」及「婚姻決策情形」兩個層面，與交往至結婚發展相關的現象有「以結婚為前提」、「無婚前交往基礎」及「交往至結婚」三種；婚姻決策情形則會有「家人朋友支持」、「家人朋友反對」、「家人朋友反對至支持的過程」及「家人朋友正反兩方意見」四種現象。婚後生活階段，研究者歸納為「居家型態」、「孩子對婚後生活的影響」、「家庭生活有利資源」及「婚姻整體態度」四種層面，與居家型態有關的現象為「大家庭」、「小家庭」及「大家庭至小家庭的轉變」三種；與孩子對婚後生活的影響相關的現象有「負面」及「正面」兩種；與家庭生活有利資源有關的現象為「婚前交往經驗」及「家人協助」兩種；與婚姻整體態度相關的現象為「負向態度」及「正面觀點」兩種。三、受訪者婚姻適應歷程之影響因素本研究依據Larson and Holman(1994)提出的「背景及脈絡因素」、「個人特質及行為」及「對偶間的互動歷程」三項內涵為影響因子分析的基礎。與背景及脈絡因素相關的影響因子有「家人朋友意見」、「原生家庭經驗」、「婚後居住安排」、「負面例子參考經驗」及「社會大眾的偏見及誤解」五種；與個人特質及行為有關的影響因子為「唇顎裂條件」、「生育遺傳擔憂」與「人格特質」三項；和對偶間的互動歷程相關的影響因子有「雙方特質吸引」與「婚前交往經驗」兩種。基於上述的發現，研究者對於未婚或已婚唇顎裂者提出建議外，分別針對社會工作專業、教育及政府當局、未來研究方向給予具體建議，盼能對社會工作實務現況有所幫助。關鍵詞：唇顎裂、婚姻適應

關鍵字

唇顎裂；婚姻適應

並列摘要

The purpose of study is based on how persons with Cleft Lip and Palate adapts to marriage and what is affected event. The study adopts the ecological perspective and uses qualitative research method to probe the interaction from nine survey candidates who are qualified amid Cleft Lip, Cleft Palate and Cleft Lip and Palate.This study collects the data about experiences and opinions from their marriage by deeply interviewing. 1. The experience in survey candidate’s adaption of marriage The result of this research shows that relation between survey candidate and their spouse develops quite close with three reasons which are a close environment, an introduction from relative or friend and a promotion with medium unit. Under the premise, survey candidate’s decisions of marriage are personal factor, unexpected element and other cause. Married livelihood includes three parts amid adaption the life style of family, the issue of procreation and livelihood experience in family-of-origin. About the issue of adaption the life style of family that are separated by five parts: adaption to difference of the culture ,the view of values, the pressure of economy, the interaction between each other and the challenge to gap in age. Besides, the issue of procreation which includes three parts: keep a normal mind persisting on for a while, the unworried attitude toward medical treatment and the concern of inheritance. Final issue is about livelihood experience of family-of-origin which combines effective with ineffective from family-of-origin. 2. The historic occurrence of survey candidate’s adaption of marriage. About the issue of developing relation, the result of this research shows that are attraction of personal trait and love will grow with time. In stage of marriage decision, researcher organizes that into two levels: "the development of communication to marriage" and "marriage decision-making situations."And those phenomena relate to the development of communication to marriage have three parts:"as a precondition of marriage," "no basis for pre-marital relations" and"contact with each other to marry." However, the situation of marriage decision which has four phenomena: "support from family and friends","opposition from family and friends"," the process of opposition to support from family and friend "and " both positive and negative views of family and friends ." In stage of married life, researcher generalizes that process for four levels: "inhabitancy state", "the impact of children on married life", "beneficial resources for family life" and" the whole attitude in marriage." Moreover, inhabitancy-stated phenomena as three types: "extended family", "nuclear family" and " the changes of extended family to nuclear family." As for the impact of children on married life, there are "negative and positive" two phenomena. Regarding beneficial resources of family life, there are "pre-marital relations experience" and "family assistance" two phenomena. With marriage as a whole attitude, there are "negative attitude" and "positive point of view" two phenomena. 3. The factors of survey candidates adapt marriage. The study which based on Larson and Holman(1994) proposed "background factors", "personal qualities and behavior" and "process of interaction between you and other half"made a impact of analysis.Factors associated with background including "views of family and friends", "family-of-origin experience", "living arrangements of marriage", "negative experience "and "the public prejudice and misunderstanding. "As for personal characteristics and behavior impact factor including "cleft lip", "worry about heredity" and "personality" And the impact factors of interaction between man and wife are "both qualities attraction" and "pre-marital relations experiences. "Based on the above we founds that the researchers want to help the social work present situation, so they gave recommendations for the singles or married cleft lip, they also gave a concrete proposals for social worker, public authority and future researches. Key words：Cleft Lip and Palate , Marriage Adaptation