This thesis is mainly about the microwave-assisted synthesis of various graphene quantum dots (GQDs). In order to confirm the feasibility of the microwave-assisted method, we investigated the photoluminescence properties of GQDs with traditional method and microwave-assisted method. After that, we tried to synthesize various elements doped GQDs. And then, the optimized conditions, functional groups, photoluminescence properties and quantum yields of the doped GQDs were studied.