台灣女性自我分化與婚姻關係

Self -Differentiation and Marital Relationship of Taiwanese Female

劉玉鈴(Yu-Ling Liu)

指導教授 ： 張英陣

國立暨南國際大學/人文學院/社會政策與社會工作學系/博士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6837/NCNU.2015.00285

摘要

婚姻關係是多數女性生命經驗中重要的部份，但許多研究顯示女性在婚姻中並不快樂，可能與情感性需求無法達到滿足有關。Bowen的家庭系統理論中自我分化的概念認為當個體分化程度愈高愈成熟，婚姻關係也較佳，但在台灣中年女性重視情感及關係、以及文化脈絡強調集體互依的情況下，台灣女性如何達成自主獨立及親密關懷的平衡，成為重要的挑戰。因此，本研究欲以女性關懷倫理的視角了解台灣女性自我分化在婚姻關係歷程中呈現的面貌及變化如何。
　　本研究選取三名女性以敘事研究的方法，進行各三次的深度訪談，受訪女性生命歷程的敘事及婚姻過程中自我在關係的動態變化。在研究發現中先以縱線生命章節呈現三位女性「整體－內容」的故事，再以「整體－形式」的閱讀方式從家庭系統分析自我分化的過程，及婚姻前後自我在關係中的融合與分化。最後，以「類別－內容」整理三位受訪女性的跨個案的敘事資料以台灣女性經驗回應Bowen的家庭系統理論。
研究發現，女性自我分化非線性及單一的發展過程，而是在性別文化下隨著生命歷程與個人經驗的交互作用，呈現曲線或螺旋式的上升。受訪女性所呈現與原生家庭關係及婚姻關係的二條線不時交錯、相互影響，而感受到自身「生命的重量」，才能促進獨立自我的意識及分化歷程，且父權社會對女性的壓迫存在於三位受訪女性每一個階段的自我敘事中。婚姻關係中經歷自我分化與親密聯結的女性經驗，也應置於：文化脈絡下家的想像、責任式情感關懷對女性重要性、個人成長情境三方下理解。另外，本研究也認為夫妻衝突除了造成負向的傷害，更有迫使女性必須正視「自我」存在的正向意義，學習在痛苦中體會自我、在孤單中長出力量，在分化中重新感受親密。並依據總結提出反思及建議。

關鍵字

女性研究 ； 自我分化 ； 敘事研究 ； 婚姻關係 ； 關懷倫理

並列摘要

Marriage relationship is a major part in the life of most women. Studies indicated, however, married women are unhappy that may be related to the dissatisfaction of emotional need. The concept of differentiation of family systems in Bowen theory considered that the higher and more mature differentiation an individual has, the better the marriage relationship he/she would have. But under the circumstance of Taiwanese middle-aged women value relationship and trend of society emphasizes group interdependence, Taiwanese women challenge to achieve the balance between independence and the care of intimacy. The study intends to realize the situation and alteration of self-differentiation of Taiwanese women in marriage relation from the aspect of ethics of care.
The study adopted method of narrative research by selecting three women and performing three thoroughly interviews, set the subjects on the narrations of life experiences and the dynamic alteration of self in relationship in period of marriage. The study findings presented the “holistic-content” stories of three women from vertical life chapter. Then the study analyzed the process of self-differentiation and the fusing in relation by the “holistic-form” reading method. Finally, it collated the cross-case narrations of three participants by “categorical-content” to respond the family systems in Bowen theory by the experience of Taiwanese women.
The study found that the development process of self-differentiation of woman is not presented in linear and simplex, but a curve or spiral growth in the interaction of process of life and experience of own under the gender culture. Two lines of relation to family of origin and marriage have crossed at times and interacted with each other, thus felt “weight of life” of self and improved the self-awareness and course of differentiation. The oppression of patriarchy to women existed in every stage of narrations of three participants. The women experience of differentiation and care of intimacy in marriage relation should be realized in three aspects: imagine of family under the trend of culture; the importance of responsible care of intimacy toward women; background of individual. Moreover, the study considered that the conflict between of family causes not only negative damages, but also positive meanings that forced women to face the existence of “self” to realize the individual in pain, gain the strength in solitude and feel the intimacy in disunion again. The conclusion mentioned reflection and advices.

並列關鍵字

women's study,self –differentiation ； narrative research ； marital relationship ； ethics of care

參考文獻

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