從社會網絡觀點探討廠商專利引證之關係

Evaluating patent citation analysis from Social Network Analysis perspective

林莉陵(Li-Ling Lin)

指導教授 ： 施信佑

國立暨南國際大學/管理學院/國際企業學系/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6837/NCNU.2009.00247

摘要

高科技產業產品技術生命週期短且技術複雜變化快，再加上市場變動不確定性高，緊密的網絡關係對其有相當的影響力。面對同一環境下，廠商因為彼此對於網絡中稀少性資源的爭取，而決定其採取的策略形式為競爭、合作或是兩者互補的方式。由於過去研究者普遍使用的專利引證分析，只能從雙方的引證關係來做分析，無法看到三方甚至多方以上的關係，再加上有學者認為傳統的專利引證分析指標已趨成熟，如欲超越現況則待新的方法論，因此過去舊有的專利引證分析固然仍有其貢獻，但難免因其侷限性而使的資料有所偏誤。因此本研究目的主要運用廣受大家熱烈討論的網絡方法，利用最具權威性、判斷力的專利資料，擷取的樣本是取RFID產業中專利產出佔總研究資料95%的20家主要廠商為例，當面對資源有限下，廠商在網絡中，其所處的位置與扮演的角色，以及因為廠商間的互動情形，因而形成的關係、關係的強弱並進一步的探討關係內的互動情形，即所謂網絡的結構、特性將如何影響廠商在其網絡中與其他成員的互動關係，彼此間會傾向競爭、合作亦或是競爭與合作互補的關係。
本研究主要由整體面、群聚面、個體面來探討，得知廠商的特色和結構會影響互動的關係及策略的決定。實證結果從整體面得知，廠商屬於技術擴散，則廠商的技術獨立性較高;技術依賴者，廠商則需高度依賴網絡中的其他廠商;位於媒介的中間廠商可獲得較多中介者利益。群聚面及子群面得知，同一環境下，合作和競爭的策略是可能同時出現的。最後從個體面得知，廠商在網絡中的技術特性和專業性、基礎性程度。本研究經由網絡方法，擴展了專利引證所隱藏的資訊，提供了更多的訊息給決策者和潛在投資者。

關鍵字

專利引證 ； 社會網絡(SNA) ； 競爭與合作的互補

並列摘要

Since the life cycle of Hi-Tech products becomes shorter and technology development and variety of market uncertainty get more complicated, the Network relation has more influence on these phenomena. Under the same environment and the limited resources, strategic makers have to deliberate the competition, cooperation or the complementariness of competition and cooperation strategy. In the past, researchers who only used dyadic view for patent citation analysis, so they can’t find the triadic or even multi information. In addition, some scholars even thought the traditional patient citation analysis were mature, if someone who wants to find more information, they should used new analytic method. Hence, the traditional patent citation analysis was a good contribution, but sometime limitations were caused of error information. As the result, we adopt the popular concept, social network, to discuss the position, role, influence and the situation of interaction with limited resources in RFID industry. Moreover, we also confer on the strength of the relation and the situation within the internal area. In short, the study will discuss the influence of structure and characteristics of firm from the whole, cluster and individual level with the top 20 firms, produce patent occupied 95% from all data, in the RFID industry. Discussing when firms in an environment, limited in resources, what the operation of these firms will do.
The empirical results show that the characteristic and structure of firms certainly influence the relation of each other and the strategic choice. For firms at whole level, the technology diffusers are more independence; the technology absorbers require higher dependence; medium firms have more broker benefits from the technology transmission. In addition, the concept of Cluster and Blockmodeling shows that under the same environment and limited resources, the complementariness of competition and cooperation would appear at the same time. Finally, from the individual level, we could find firms who have more specialism and basic technology in the field and will be the core group in the future. The study expands the citation information of patent owned by firms through Network views and offers more messages.

並列關鍵字

Patent citations ； social network analysis ； complementariness of cooperation and competition

參考文獻

中文文獻

1.吳思華（1996），「策略九說：策略思考的本質」，台灣：麥田出版社。

2.吳美娟（2001），「台灣IC製造業製程技術能力、專利權與績效關係之研究」，國立雲林科技大學企業管理系碩士論文。

3.吳傑棕（2005），「產業之專利應用與專利策略-以電腦散熱產業為例」，國立中山大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。

4.李主平（2005），「專利在廠商獲利能力之遞延效果的研究-以美國製藥業為例」，中原大學企業管理學系碩士論文。