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  • 學位論文

台灣民眾統獨立場之研究—以Q方法論拆解「維持現狀」

A Q Study of Taiwan National Identity: Dismantling the Notion of "Maintain Status Quo"

指導教授 : 孫同文

摘要


自1980年代末解嚴以來,隨著民主化的發展,統獨議題的重要性在台灣漸漸發酵。1994年起,國立政治大學選舉研究中心開始針對台灣民眾的統獨立場進行長期的調查,在調查結果中發現,「維持現狀」的支持度呈現穩定成長的趨勢,且自2001年起,已有50%以上的民眾偏好此立場,而這樣的現象也引起許多學者的注意。然而,過去的研究雖然能夠有效的拆解「維持現狀」中民眾的真實意向,但多是採取「先驗的理論架構」,使民眾必須在假設的情況下做出決定。有鑑於此,本研究運用Q方法論作為研究方法,除了針對過去研究的缺失進行改進,也發揮Q方法論中的「操作主體性」優勢,讓民眾透過研究的安排設計,主動表達其真實偏好。在研究結果中,本文發現了台灣民眾選擇維持現狀的原因,主要有6種認知類型,分別是:一、隱性台獨—反對模糊現狀,強調兩岸間具有差異;二、國民黨現狀論述—以政黨論述取向為主要考量;三、現實條件為主要考量—著重目前兩岸的經濟發展與台海和平;四、畏懼中國壓力—符合大陸方面要求以交換和平現狀;五、維持獨立現狀者—反對統一,但兩岸文化仍有關聯;六、純粹理念者—理念歸理念,現實歸現實。同時也發現上述6種認知類型之間並無共識語句,顯示「維持現狀」一詞的模糊性確實有其存在的必要,以凝聚台灣社會的共識,求得台灣民眾統獨立場上的最大公約數。

並列摘要


Since the abolishing of martial law in Taiwan in late 1980s, and with the development of democracy, the importance of national identity in Taiwan has upgraded. In 1994, the Election Study Center of National Cheng chi University began a long-term survey of the unification-independence stances of Taiwanese people. In the result of this survey, the support of “maintain the status quo” rendering stable growth trend, and more than 50% of Taiwanese people prefer this stance since 2001. This phenomenon attracted attentions of many scholars. However, although past research can dismantling the notion of “status quo” in the true intentions of the people, but mostly to take "a priori theoretical framework," so that people have to make a decision in the hypothetical situation. This study is different from past research, using Q methodology to let people express their true preferences via “Operant Subjectivity”. In the study results, we found out six kinds of cognitive types that Taiwanese people choose to “maintain the status quo”, namely (1) a tacit Taiwan independence - against fuzzy notion of “status quo” and emphasize the difference between the two sides; (2) obeying the viewpoints of KMT(Chinese Nationalist Party) - political parties orientation as the main consideration; (3)considering the pragmatic conditions- focus on the economic development and peace in the Taiwan strait; (4) fearing the pressure from mainland China - in line with the requirements of mainland China in exchange for peace; (5) maintaining the “status quo” of Taiwan independence – oppose to unification, but there are cultural association between two sides; (6) purely concept –Taiwan independence in concept, but maintain the fuzzy “status quo” in reality. We also found that there is no consensus statement between the six kinds of cognitive types, it means the ambiguity of “maintain the status quo” does have its need to exist in order to achieve a consensus and to obtain the greatest common divisor of unification-independence stances in Taiwan society.

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