影響銀行績效因素的探討:全球實證分析

本篇以71個國家，6351家銀行的資料，探討影響銀行績效三個構面的因素。在銀行績效方面，本篇有二種不同概念的衡量方式，一為積極面的平均資產報酬（ROAA），另一為消極面的平均逾期放款比（Average NPL/TL）；在影響因素方面，我們從三個構面還切入，包含第一個競爭構面的：（1）銀行集中度（2）銀行家數-每十萬人擁有的分行數與總行數。第二個政府監理限制構面的：（1）業務活動限制（2）持股限制以及第三個治理構面的：政府治理指數。本篇在控制了銀行特性變數與國家經濟變數後，實證結果有以下幾個發現，（1）集中度對於銀行平均資產報酬有正面影響；對於銀行的平均逾放比則有負向影響。（2）每十萬人所擁有的分行數與銀行總行數越高，銀行的平均逾放比越低。（3）業務活動限制、持股限制越高，銀行的績效表現會越不好。（4）政府治理的表現越好，銀行的績效表現會越好。

關鍵字

銀行績效；集中度；銀行家數；業務活動限制；持股限制；政府治理

並列摘要

We use the data of 71 countries which include 6351 banks to explore the reasons of the three ways of effecting bank performance. About the bank performance , there are to ways to evaluate it . One is on the active side—Return on average assets , the other is on the negative side—Average nonperforming loans to total loans .About the reasons of effecting bank performance are concentrate on two level , include competitive level :（1）Bank Concentration （2）Bank Number- bank branches( per 100000 people) and total bank numbers . And the restrictive variables of government level：（1）The restriction of bank avtivities and（2）bank enter to other industry or other industry enter the bank .And the third governance level : Governance matters indes.Evidence results indicate tha（1）t there are positive relationship between concentration and ROAA ,and negative relationship between concentration and average NPL .（2）The more bank branches and total bank numbers are , the lower average bank NPL to TL is.（3）The bank performance will be worse , if the restriction index is higher.（4）The better performance of governance will leader the better bank performance.