受刑人感化職業教育暨更生人就業保險之經濟分析

An Economic Analysis the Linkage of Rehabilitation to Social Bonding

酈玟如(Wen-Ju Li)

指導教授 ： 賴法才

國立暨南國際大學/管理學院/經濟學系/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6837/NCNU.2010.00272

摘要

論文摘要

本研究探討公共保人制度是否可以增加更生人就業的機會，降低其再犯所造成的社會損失。近年來歐美如：美、英、法，亞洲如：澳洲、新加坡、日本等國，都有採行類似員工誠實保險之方案，以協助更生人重返職場。針對此趨勢，本文首先探討受刑人接受職能提升的誘因及其選擇，然後參考美國聯邦員工誠實保險計畫(Federal Bonding Program，簡稱FBP)，建立委託人和代理人(Principal-agent)的基本模型分析政府作為保人的更生人就業保險制度的可行性。我們調查在何種條件下公共保人制度可以降低雇主僱用更生人的風險，以提高其僱用更生人之意願，增加更生人參與職場之誘因，減少犯罪所造成之社會損失。在釐清更生人與立法者資訊不對稱下更生人覓職的誘因後，本文推得三項主要結果。其一為政府的保險制度可提高無再犯誘因之更生人其就業機會，但對其再犯的可能性並無影響。另外，此政策無法提高有再犯誘因且犯罪機會成本相對低之更生人的就業意願，其仍舊會再犯。最後，公共保人政策可促進有再犯誘因且犯罪機會成本相對高之更生人投入職場的積極度。此三項結果決定此方案之可行性。除此之外，本研究也將探討員工誠實保險制度是否可提升受刑人接受感化職業教育之意願。我們的結果顯示，受刑人將依其服刑後的犯罪利得之相對大小決定其是否接受職業教育。

關鍵字

受刑人 ； 職業教育 ； 更生人

並列摘要

Abstract

This paper investigates whether the policy enhances employers’ incentive to hiring the individuals with criminal record and reduces the recidivist rate, that the government purchases insurance against the loss the employer could from suffer hiring ex-convicts. Recently, some countries in Western world and Asia have established the policy that is similar to Federal Bonding Program to help the individuals with record be employed. Tracing this trend, the study explores the inmates’ incentives to and choices of being rehabilitated. Then, referring to the setup of Federal Bonding Program, we apply the basic model of principal-agent to analyze if the policy is doable. We establish the conditions that the policy can reduce employers’ risk in hiring ex-convicted and promote ex-convicts’ willingness to participate in legal activities. We reach the three results, clarifying what the information is asymmetric from government’s point of view and ex-convict’s true perception about the incentive to participating in legal activities. First, FBP lifts the employment rate of the ex-convicts who are without incentive to repeating offense, and does not affect their possibility of recommitting the acts. Second, if the ex-convicts have incentive to repeating offense in lower opportunity cost, the policy does not affect their decision of joining in the legal labor market, and they recommit the act. Finally, if the ex-convicts have incentive to repeating offense in high opportunity cost, the policy affects their effort of participating in legal activities.

並列關鍵字

Inmates ； vocational education ； the individuals with criminal record

參考文獻

參考文獻

周愫嫻譯（1992）。犯罪學理論。台北：桂冠。

周愫嫻（2005）。更生人就業權、雇主僱用權與社會安全的平衡。中央警察大學犯罪防治學報（6），55-91。

周愫嫻、黃蘭媖、羅至君( 2004 )。規劃雇主僱用更生受保護人財務損失之補助機制。行政院勞工委員會職業訓練局。國立臺北大學期中報告。

法務部犯罪問題研究中心（1992）。收容人更生意願之研究。台北：法務部。