平埔族婦女形象與角色的變遷（1603-1895）

論文摘要本文以平埔族婦女為研究主體，探討其外表樣貌、生產分工及兩性關係在空間上的差異與時間上的變遷。透過長時間的觀察，呈現各地婦女在不同時期的具體形象與角色，並討論婦女與外來文化接觸、互動的過程中所採取的態度、策略，及其對自身與族群所造成的結果與影響。各地平埔族婦女傳統的衣著裝飾、生產技術及婚俗互異，呈現多元鮮活的形象與生活樣貌。十七世紀初荷蘭人以殖民與傳教為最高統治方針，故致力改革南部平埔族婦女全裸及墮胎的習俗，並推動與婦女通婚。十七世紀末，中國政權開始治臺，漢人挾其龐大的人口、政治、經濟與文化優勢，對平埔族固有的社會文化造成極大威脅。婦女在與漢人的互動下，漸次出現不同的改變與衝擊。十七世紀末，婦女漸以幅布代替麻裙，結婚時出現了迎親隊伍。十八世紀則是變動最劇烈的年代，婦女所著上衣由短而長，再不復見裸露之風，甚至出現纏足、穿漢人鞋的情況，形象日益保守。此外，平埔族男性投入農耕，改變了傳統的男女分工型態。婚姻方面，出現了媒妁訂親，婦女亦大量進入漢人家庭。至十九世紀，只剩開發較晚的宜蘭仍保有部份傳統特徵。雖然平埔族婦女的形象從開放而保守，並向漢文化靠攏，但她們並非出於被迫、消極的接受漢文化，而是積極的考量實際需求，選擇利己的方式與元素予以採納或改造。對平埔族婦女來說，外來文化提供了另一種選項，她們則保有高度自主權與選擇權。婦女在高度計算後所做的選擇與改變，影響了自身族群在不同時期呈現的風貌，可見其舉足輕重的角色。此外，她們在做出改變的同時，卻也忽略了自己的族群特色，任憑它一點一滴的流逝，經過長時間的遷衍後，幾至消失無蹤。

關鍵字

平埔族；婦女；形象；角色

並列摘要

Abstract: This essay does a study on the Plain Aboriginal women on their appearance, the ways of production, and the transition on two sexes. The study depicts the roles and images of the Plain Aboriginal women in different periods through the long observation. It also discusses the attitude and strategies that the Pain Aboriginal women take when they face the exotic culture. Furthermore, it shows the result and the influences that the exotic culture causes on the Plain Aboriginal women and between different Plain Aboriginal tribes. The traditional clothing, production, and wedding of the different Plain Aboriginal tribes presented their lively images and life styles. In the early seventeenth century, Hollanders ruled Taiwan by its religion and colonization, so they tried to reform the naked and abortion of the Plain Aboriginal women and encouraged its people to marry the Plain Aboriginal women. In the late seventeenth century, the Ching Dynasty started managing Taiwan, the Hans brought some changes on the traditional culture of the Plain Aboriginals by its strong population, politics, economy, and culture. Under the interaction with the Hans, the Plain Aboriginal culture gradually showed its changes, that were women began to wear cloth instead of hemp skirt and they had the wedding parade. The eighteenth century is the crucial times that the Plain Aboriginal women replaced the short blouses with long ones and even started to bind their feet and wore the Han shoes. The naked custom of the Plain Aboriginal women didn’t exist anymore and their behavior became conservative. Besides, the Plain Aboriginal men started to join the production and this changed the traditional working roles of male and female. On wedding, this period appeared the engagement and most the Plain Aboriginal women married the Hans. Until the nineteenth century, only Ilan still preserved part of its traditional customs for its late exploitation. Although the images of the Plain Aboriginal women changed from its openness to conservation, and the women accepted the Han culture because of the practical needs instead of unwillingness. To the Plain Aboriginal women, the exotic culture offered them another choice and they kept the high autonomy. The alternations and changes that the Plain Aboriginal women did influenced their tribes in different times. And we can see they played very important roles through this aspect. Besides, as they made any change, they also changed their own culture and made it disappear little by little through the long time.