知識擴散如何影響廠商的技術趨於深化

本研究結合廠商知識基礎理論、網絡理論、以及Lo (2009)所提出的技術組合架構，透過技術深化、技術廣化探討廠商如何在技術變遷的過程中，調整、重組其技術能耐組合以適應環境。實證上以1991年到2010年間，從2G演化到3G、4G、具有顯著網絡外部性的「全球行動電信產業」為研究對象，根據ETSI IPR database的基礎專利及其所引證之專利，辨識出該產業的技術主導與知識來源廠商，再利用專利資料建構廠商間的相同技術類別引證網絡，同時計算廠商的技術組合深度與廣度及深化與廣化趨勢。結果顯示當廠商既有技術組合之深度愈深，其技術組合將愈不利於深化;若廠商既有技術組合之廣度愈廣，其技術組合將愈趨於深化。此外，當廠商的內部學習程度愈高，將不利於其技術趨於深化、廣化。在干擾效果方面，廠商既有技術組合之深度愈深，會強化相同技術類別的內部學習對於技術深化之負向影響;當廠商既有技術組合的廣度愈廣，將會使其在相同技術類別的內部學習更不利於技術組合趨於廣化，並且會弱化廠商在相同技術類別的外部學習對技術組合趨於廣化的正向效果。

關鍵字

基礎專利；專利引證；知識擴散；技術組合；網絡理論；行動電信

並列摘要

This study combines knowledge-based view, network theory, and technological portofolio, investigating how does a firm adjust and recombine technological capability portofolio to adapt environment by technological deepening or technological widenening. We use a 20-year panel data of the worldwide mobile telecommunication industry, from 2G to 4G, with essential patent and citing patent of ETSI IPR database to recognize the firm who is technological dominant or technological knowledge source. Then, we also constructed patent citation network of the same technological field, counted the technological depth and technological width to analyze the trend of technological deepening and technological widenening. According to empirical result, last-year technological depth is negatively associated with current technological deepening, while last-year technological width provides a positive effect. It is also proved that firm’s internal learning is negatively associated with current technological deepening and widening. In addition, last-year technological depth positively moderates the influence of internal learning in the same technological field on firm’s technological deepening. However, last-year technological width positively moderates the influence of internal learning in the same technological field on firm’s technological widening, and provides negative moderating effect on the influence of external learning in the same technological field on firm’s technological widening.