高速公路駕駛人即時交通資訊需求特性之研究

Freeway drivers' demand aspects on real-time traffic information

陳科宏(Ke-Hong Chen)

指導教授 ： 周榮昌

共同指導教授 ： 劉祐興

國立暨南國際大學/科技學院/土木工程學系/博士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6837/NCNU.2011.00322

摘要

ATIS於近20中對於改善路網績效、縮短旅運時間有明顯的功效。在回顧過去ATIS相關研究發現，對於客製化即時交通資訊鮮少著墨(亦即，駕駛人使用個人行動電話或是導航設備接收他們偏好的即時交通資訊)，特別是針對台灣地區進行深入的研究。
本研究使用排序普羅比模式(Ordered probit model)，從使用者的角度探究駕駛人在不同車流狀況下(順暢車流、重現性壅塞、非重現性壅塞)選擇主要行駛高速公路或是替代高速公路，對於各類客製化即時交通資訊之偏好與需求。而在確認駕駛人的即時交通資訊需求後，引入條件評估法(Contingent valuation method)以及Spike模式，使用貨幣化單位評估非市場財貨，如本研究探討之客製化即時交通資訊。換言之，本研究捕捉高速公路駕駛人對於交通資訊的願付價格。最後由前兩部份研究成果之確認，旅行時間為主要影響駕駛人決策過程之主要因素；進一步藉由真實路網情境(台灣西部地區高速公路之國道一號以及國道三號)觀測駕駛人在動態旅行時間資訊提供下的冒險決策態度。有別於其他研究，駕駛人對於獲得與損失的冒險態度藉由累計期望理論(Cumulative prospect theory)加以模式化。而價值函數與權重函數之相關參數則分別加以校估求得台灣地區高速公路駕駛人在地化之相關系數。本研究中經由一連串的分別探究將能作為深入瞭解駕駛人對於客製化即時交通資訊偏好與決策捕捉之重要參考。

關鍵字

客製化即時交通資訊 ； 高速公路駕駛人 ； 資訊需求 ； 資訊成本 ； 冒險態度 ； 排序普羅比模式 ； Spike模式 ； 願付價格 ； 累計期望理論

並列摘要

ATIS has contributed to the improvement of road performance and has shortened travel times over the last 20 years. A review of past studies are rarely discussions of customized traffic information (namely, that drivers use personal mobile or navigation devices to receive their traffic information) features in ATIS research, especially in Taiwan.
This study using ordered probit models from the user’s point of view and understand a driver’s preferences and demands from various customized real-time traffic information under different traffic scenarios (smooth, recurrent, and non-recurrent congestion) while driving on a freeway or alternate routes. After the demands have been clarified, the contingent valuation method (CVM) and spike model will be introduced using currency units to assess the value of non-market goods, customized real-time traffic information; that is to say, this study capture freeway driver’s willingness-to-pay for the traffic information. In the last, previous studies are referenced to verify the point that travel time is a major influence on a driver’s decision-making process. And this is fed into real network scenarios (Freeway No.1 and Freeway No. 3 in western Taiwan) and the observed drivers’ risk attitude under dynamic travel time information is provided to users. A distinguishing feature in this study is that the participants’ risk attitudes were considered and the drivers’ perceptions of gains and losses were modeled using cumulative prospect theory (CPT). The parameters of value function and the weighting function are estimated and reflect the localization of the risk attitudes of freeway drivers in Taiwan. A series of studies in our studies will provide deeper insights into drivers’ preferences for the provision of customized real-time traffic information.

並列關鍵字

Customized real-time information ； Freeway drivers ； information demand ； information cost ； Risk attitude ； Ordered probit model ； Spike model ； Willingness-to-pay ； Cumulative prospect theory

參考文獻

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