中國大陸高校招收外國留學生策略之研究

隨著全球化時代的降臨，世界各國對於資源的競爭也逐漸擴大，擴展人力資源尤其是吸收外國人才，對於一個國家的政治、文化、經濟等方面的發展具有許多重要意義。中國大陸在改革開放以後，政府機關及高等教育機構亦積極制定相關政策及策略來招收外國留學生到當地就讀，至今已成為世界第三大留學生輸入國。本研究希冀透過中國大陸高校招收外國留學生之政策及策略之探討，作為我國未來發展外國留學生之招收政策制定之參考。基於此，本研究使用文件分析法，透過檢視相關學者專著、留學報告、統計年鑑以及中國大陸官方機構所頒發之文件及網路資料等，以探究中國大陸高校招收外國留學生的相關政策和策略。首先，探究中國大陸高等教育招收外國留學生之歷史脈絡與現況；其次，瞭解中國大陸高校招收外國留學生的相關政策與法令，並探究中國大陸高校招收外國留學生之相關策略，並分析高校招收外國留學生策略之影響因素；最後，總結整篇論文並提出結論。本研究歸結出，中國大陸高校招收外國留學生策略之發展可反映出國家以及高等教育在不同時期內部發展的需求，具有多重目的性。外國留學生規模自改革開放後逐漸擴張，近年來成長幅度趨緩，組成結構由非學歷取向轉為學歷取向，又以亞洲地區留學生為主。在留學政策方面，由政府主導轉變為高校作為招生的主體，並在獎學金、教學品質、生活福利上都逐漸完善相關制度，以提升對外國留學生的吸引力。招收策略發展出多元的策略模式，包括：獎學金、海外人員宣傳與留學展，及校際交流項目。針對特定招收對象，盡可能透過不同管道達到最佳的招收效果。然而，在發展招收策略的同時，高校仍須面對內在與外在的制約因素所導致的招收成效問題。

關鍵字

高校；外國留學生；招生策略；中國大陸

並列摘要

With the arrival of globalization, the competition for resources in countries around the world has gradually expanded. Expanding human resources, especially absorbing foreign talents, has many important implications for the political, cultural and economic development of a country. After the Reform and Opening in Mainland China, government agencies and higher education institutions have also actively formulated relevant policies and strategies to recruit foreign students to study locally. How to attract better foreign talents more quickly has become an important content and goal for higher education policy. Mainland China quickly became the world's third largest importer of international students. This study adopts a method of document analysis to analyze to understand the policies and strategy background of recruiting international students in higher education in Mainland China since the Reform and Opening. First, explore the development and trend of international student recruitment in Mainland China higher education. Second, realize relevant policies and regulations and explore international student recruiting strategies. Third, analyze the influencing factors of Chinese universities’ recruitment strategies of foreign students. Finally, sum up with a conclusion. The conclusion of this study is as follows: The development of international students recruiting strategies reflects the national policy orientation and interior developing demands of higher education. The scale of foreign students is gradually expanding since the Reform and Opening, but the growth rate has slowed down in recent years, and the structure has changed from non-educational orientation to academic orientation, mainly from Asia. Regarding the study abroad policy, the government-led has transformed to universities as the main body of admissions, and the relevant systems have been gradually improved in terms of scholarship, teaching, and living welfare to enhance the attractiveness of international students. Multiple recruiting strategies have been developed, including scholarship, overseas personnel promotion, study abroad exhibition, and cooperation and exchange programs between schools, using different promotional strategies to make sure the best effect. However, while developing recruiting strategies, universities still face the problem caused by internal and external constraints.