1. 為染敏電池發展含蒽有機染料
2. 為高分子太陽能電池發展鋅紫質染料

本論文分成七個章節，第一章為緒論，簡述目前台灣的能源運營狀況、太陽能使用狀況以及在國際上第三類新興太陽能電池的發展 (染料敏化太陽能電池、有機太陽能電池/高分子太陽能電池)。第二章至第四章為有機小分子染料於染料敏化太陽能電池或模組的應用或製程的探討。第五章為鋅紫質化合物於有機太陽能電池的應用。第六章列出實驗所用藥品及儀器。第七章為本論文引用之參考文獻。第二章：我們設計並成功合成了三種有機小分子染料，代號為AN-11、AN-12、AN-14，探討了三者應用於室內以及室外的染料敏化電池/模組，其中在模組方面更深入探討了可撓性 (F17) 以及剛性 (R26) 模組的光伏性質。本章的冠軍染料AN-11於室內可達效率11.94% (Z907: 11.50%)、Jsc: 61.50 A cm-2、Voc: 1050.90 mV、FF: 64.30%、Pmax: 41.56 W cm-2，更贏過了市售染料Z907。值得注意的是在室內環境的模組成色相當黝黑，意味著吸收了幾乎所有室內光。另一方面，亦探討了在AM1.5G環境下的效率，趨勢為AN-11 (6.36%) > AN-12 (3.87%) > AN-14 (2.96%)。第三章：我們設計並成功合成了兩個系列共五種有機小分子染料，第一系列代號為AN-11D、AN-11H，第二系列代號為AN-21、AN-21D、AN-21H，並加入前章AN-11於第一系列做為參考染料。本章的染料分別使用了benzoic acid (AN-11, 21)、isophthalic acid (AN-11D, 21D)、hydroxamic acid (AN-11H, 21H) 作為錨定基團的探討。其中AN-2x的在benzothialdiazole以及錨定基團中間由三鍵取代AN-1x的單鍵。AN-x最佳化後於AM1.5G環境下趨勢為AN-21 (7.51%) > AN-11 (6.80%) > AN-11D (5.83%) > AN-11H (4.68%) > AN-21H (4.61%) > AN-21D (4.41%)。另外，於室內光環境則是利用了實驗室自製模組對本章的冠軍染料AN-21進行探討，於室內光環境下效率可達13.48%、Jsc: 116.02 A cm-2、Voc: 493.31 mV、FF: 75.00%、Pmax: 43.12 W cm-2。值得注意的是AN-21模組無論是於AM1.5G或室內光環境下都相當黝黑，意味著AN-21吸收了幾乎所有可見光。第四章：本章延續前章討論，利用前章冠軍染料AN-21敏化，探討最佳化後的自家模組製程。實驗中分別探討了模組上單一電池的數量、單一電池之間的串並聯、不同製程陰極的應用、銀線的使用，最佳化後於室內光源下最高效率的AN-21/home-made module可達14.21%、Jsc: 117.77 A cm-2、Voc: 504.15 mV、FF: 77.00%、Pmax: 45.47 W cm-2。第五章：我們設計並成功合成了三種新紫質作為有機/高分子太陽能電池中的非富勒烯受體材料，設計上導入強拉電子基團2FIC於紫質大環並利用環上側鏈的不同探討其性質影響，代號為P-1、P-2、P-3。P-x系列結合了紫質以及2FIC的特性，能將吸收光譜從可見光區一路延伸至近紅外光區，其中P-2更能吸收至950 nm最為紅移。除此之外更從電化學、電荷遷移率、表面形態 (粗糙度)、微分子排列 (廣角X光繞射)、電荷再生方面探討P-x側鏈的不同對光伏性質的影響。另一方面，在量測元件製備方面以反式元件結構：ITO/ZnO/active layer/MoO3/Ag，主動層則是以PTB7-Th高分子做為予體，並利用bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) 製程方式以P-x:PTB7-Th = 1:1 (w/w) 混摻，又以P-2在AM1.5G環境且最佳化條件下達到了7.23%、Jsc: 13.94 mA cm-2、Voc: 0.80mV、FF: 64.80%為最高效率的元件。

關鍵字

染料敏化太陽能電池；有機太陽能電池；高分子太陽能電池；有機分子染料；紫質

並列摘要

This thesis was divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 is introduction, which briefly introduce the development and supplement of Taiwan’s power composition and emerging type (3rd generation) solar cell as well. Chapter 2-4 are discussing about organic dye for dye-sensitized solar cell/module and/or the manufacture of home-made module. Chapter 5 considers the Zn-porphyrins empolied in organic solar cell/polymer solar cell as a non-fullerene acceptor (NFA). Chapter 6 summerizes and list the chemicals and instruments utilized in this thesis. Chater 7 list the references quoted in this thesis. Chapter 2: Three novel anthracene-based organic dyes, denoted as AN-11, AN-12 and AN-14, were synthesized for outdoor and indoor dye-sensitized solar cell studies. Laboratory-fabricated small cells, as well as rigid (R26) and flexible (F17) modules, were prepared and analyzed for their photovoltaic performance under simulated outdoor and indoor conditions. The champion dye in this Chapter AN-11/R26 outperforms the commertial dye Z907/26 counterpart under indoor conditions to reach 11.94% (Z907: 11.50%)、Jsc: 61.50 A cm-2、Voc: 1050.90 mV、FF: 64.30%、Pmax: 41.56 W cm-2. Moreover, AN-11 module gives rise to a very black color under indoor enviroment and superior photovoltaic performance compare with other two under AM1.5G, AN-11 (6.36%) > AN-12 (3.87%) > AN-14 (2.96%). Chapter 3: Two series of anthracene-based dyes were synthesized to study their photovoltaic performance under outdoor and indoor conditions by evaluating the dye-sensitized cells and modules, respectively. The first series are denoted as AN-11D and AN-11H. AN-11 is included for comparison purpose. The second series of the dyes are denoted as AN-21, AN-21D, and AN-21H. These dyes differ in their anchoring groups, namely benzoic acid (AN-11, AN-21), isophthalic acid (AN-11D, AN-21D), and hydroxamic acid (AN-11H, AN-21H). For the second series, an additional ethynyl bridge was employed between the benzothialdiazole acceptor and the anchoring group. Among two series dye, AN-21 gives the best overall efficiency under AM1.5G, showing a trend as AN-21 (7.51%) > AN-11 (6.80%) > AN-11D (5.83%) > AN-11H (4.68%) > AN-21H (4.61%) > AN-21D (4.41%). For indoor condition, AN-21-sensitized module exhibits an overall efficienty of 13.48%, under 1000lux of T5 light, outperforming that of the AN-11 module (11.94%). Chapter 4: The process of home-made module was studued in this chapter, including the number of unit cell in a module, serial vs. parallel connections, PVP-capped Pt nanoclusters cathode and silver grid line. After optimization, the best AN-21/home-made module reaches 14.21% under 1000lux of T5 light. Chapter 5: Three Zn porphyrins with different side chains were synthesized and applied to organic solar cell/polymer solar cell as the novel NFA materials to study their photovoltaic performance. Porphyrin NFA acceptors with a strong electron-withdrawing terminal 2FIC unit on the 5-position of thiophene denoted as P-1, P-2, and P-3. Constructing BHJ active layers using a PTB7-Th donor and P-x acceptors (with the ration 1/1, w/w), which have complementary absorption, accomplish panchromatic photon-to-current conversion from 300 to 950 nm. The strategy of side-chains in the P-x acceptors fairly influences the molecular ordering and nanomorphology of the BHJ active layers. P-2 with two dodecoxyl side-chains at ortho-position of each phenyl group exhibits significantly enhanced photovoltaic performances, exhibiting an outstanding PCE: 7.23%, when using in an inverted device architecture of ITO/ZnO/PTB7-Th:P-x/MoO3/Ag.

並列關鍵字

Dye-sensitized solar cell ； Oranic solar cell ； Polymer solar cell ； Organic dye ； Porpyhrin

參考文獻

(1) Morton, O. A new day dawning?: Silicon Valley sunrise. Nature 2006, 443, 19-22.

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(2) TAIPOWER(https://www.taipower.com.tw).Taiwan Power Company

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(3) NREL(https://www.nrel.gov). National Renewable Energy Laboratory

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(4) AIST(https://www.aist.go.jp/index_en.html). National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

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(5) Green, M. A.; Emery, K.; Hishikawa, Y.; Warta, W.; Dunlop, E. D. Solar cell efficiency tables (version 43). Prog. Photovoltaics 2014, 22, 1-9.

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國際替代計量

1. 為染敏電池發展含蒽有機染料 2. 為高分子太陽能電池發展鋅紫質染料

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