企業導入跨組織資訊系統之成效－從組織制度之觀點

由於全球市場環境的興起及產業之間的激烈競爭，為了因應全球化競爭及滿足顧客需求，傳統企業獨立競爭已逐漸轉變成企業與企業(B2B)之間的合作與互動。隨著資訊科技與電子商務的蓬勃發展，在供應鏈體系中，企業導入「跨組織資訊系統」(Interorganizational Information System, IOS)已成為整合供應鏈組織流程的重要核心，透過跨組織資訊系統使企業間的交易及經營資訊更加透明，藉由隨時掌握整個供應鏈上游及下游個體的即時分享資訊，更快加速反應市場的改變。但企業內部在導入一套跨組織資訊系統時，不一定都能發揮跨組織資訊系統的最佳效用，可能有很多的因素造成，例如企業在導入跨組織資訊系統的執行效益不明確，或者是對於跨組織資訊系統的價值認知太少等，都可能造成跨組織資訊系統的導入失敗，為了提升跨組織資訊系統的效益，企業實施不同的組織制度與規範來幫助系統深入企業的營運及核心價值。有鑑於此，本研究以Scott(1995)提出的組織制度理論為基礎，藉由制度理論的三個支柱，包括正式規定(Regulation)、規範(Norm)、認知(Cognition)，來探討企業內部導入跨組織資訊系統時，不同組織制度對跨組織資訊系統的例行性程度與價值內化的影響，是否能進一步提升企業內部與整體供應鏈的組織績效。　　本研究實證結果顯示：(1)企業實施的正式規定制度對系統的程序例行化程度有正向的影響；(2)企業實施的規範制度對系統的價值內化程度未獲得支持，可能的原因是實施規範制度不像正式制度須強制性的遵守，以致企業未完全發揮系統的價值；(3)企業實施的認知制度對系統的價值內化程度有正向的影響；(4)系統的程序例行化程度對於系統價值內化程度未獲得支持，可能的原因是系統在日常重複的程序例行化程度對於系統的價值內化是沒有直接的影響關係；(5)系統的程序例行化程度對組織績效具有直接的影響；(6)系統的價值內化對組織績效具有直接的影響。整體而言，本研究6項直接效果的假說中，有4項假說獲得支持，最後本研究將把實證結果貢獻給學術界與實務界，做為提升組織績效的考量因素。

關鍵字

跨組織資訊系統；組織制度；制度化過程；價值內化；組織績效

並列摘要

Because of the rise of global market and drastic competition, traditional enterprises have gradually switched combats with each other into B2B cooperations and interactions for meeting global competition and consumers’ demands. With the flourishing development of information technology and e-commerce, it has been a critical core for enterprises to inject Interorganizational System into supply chain system. Through Interorganizational System, information about transactions and operations becomes more lucid, and it also helps to respond changes of markets more promptly by mastering instant shared information about up- and down-stream firms in the supply chain. However, when channeling Interorganizational System into itself, an enterprise is not necessarily able to exhibit the best efficiency of Interorganizational System. This negative result may be brought about by many causes, such as efficiency of enforcement which is not clear enough and too scare knowledge about the value of IOS. To improve efficiency of IOS, an enterprise can carry out different organizational policies to make the system go deep into core value of an enterprise. In view of this, this research use the organizational institutional theory introduced by Scott (1995) as the foundation of analysis. By means of three pillars of the organizational institutional theory, including Regulation, Norm, and Cognition, we investigate whether the effects which different organizational institutions on process routinization and value internalization of interorganization information system when an enterprise channel Interorganizational information system can improve the performance of an enterprise and overall supply chain. 　　The empirical results in our study reveal that：(1) Formal regulation institutions have positive effects on process routinization of system; (2) There is no supportive and significant evidence about the effects of Norm institutions on the degree of value internalization. It may be because that Norm institutions are not as strict as formal regulation institutions are; (3) Cognition institutions have positive effects on value internalization of system; (4) There is no supportive and significant evidence about the effects of process routinization on value internalization. It may be because that process routinization which repeats everyday didn't have direct influence on value internalization of system; (5) Process routinization of system has significant influence on organization performance; (6) Value internalization of system has significant influence on organization performance. To sum up, four of six hypotheses about direct effects are supported by empirical results obtained in this study. In conclusion, we provide our empirical results to be a reference in academic as well as practical field for improving organization performance.