眷村第一代女性居住空間遷移與休閒經驗之研究---以中壢馬祖新村婦女為例

Spatial Migration and Leisure Experiences of the first female generation---The case study of Matsu Village

郭淑玲(Shu-Ling Kuo)

指導教授 ： 顏妙桂

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/公民教育與活動領導學系/博士(2006年)

摘要

摘 要
本研究以中壢市馬祖新村的第一代眷村婦女為對象，探討女性居住空間遷移與休閒經驗之關係。研究的問題包括：一、眷村第一代女性的生命軸線中，生命週期、居住空間與休閒活動之關係為何？二、眷村女性在其不同生命週期中所扮演的社會角色，如何影響她們的休閒活動？又有哪些的休閒阻礙？三、在居住空間的遷移中，馬祖新村的第一代女性，具體的活動和經驗如何轉化？

為達研究目的，本研究主要的方法採用半結構的深度訪談、歷史文件的次級資料文件分析、生命史分析、以及研究者的省思日誌。透過以上方法，得以理解女性的生命週期以及家庭生命週期的發展與轉變、女性性別角色的社會建構，以及了解女性的休閒場域與經驗。其主要的社區空間是從聚落社區的馬祖新村眷村形式到大樓形式的陸光五村。主要的8位受訪對象年齡分佈於74歲到82歲之間，並輔以9位補充資料的研究參與者。

從眷村第一代婦女的生命故事敘說中，可以發現其生命週期、居住空間與休閒活動在三階段的遷移過程中，表現出不同的發展過程：
一、在生命週期的發展歷程中，她們多是青少年時期結婚，依附著先生的職業與權力，而得以流亡至台灣。成人時期搬至馬祖新村，開始過育兒的生活直到孩子長大獨立。老年期的初期又搬遷到陸光五村，此時期，陸續面臨先生或孩子過世的傷痛。
二、從故鄉的大宅院、馬祖新村的聚落社區到陸光五村的大樓式建築，整個居住空間更具開放性。其中休閒場域的提供則以馬祖新村最具多元選擇性。
三、在故鄉階段，休閒活動主要以家庭休閒活朋友間的社交為主；在馬祖新村時期，呈現多元的休閒活動；在陸光五村時期，活動呈現單純化。

本研究發現幾個現象：
一、從依附到自主的休閒角色：青少年時期，休閒角色深受父權體系所影響；成人期，女性的休閒逐漸取得自主性；老年期，則呈現自主的休閒形式。
二、休閒活動提供認同與社會支持：在故鄉時期，家庭休閒與朋友間的社交發展整體的認同與認知性、情緒性、友伴支持；馬祖新村時期，多元的休閒活動發展角色與社會認同以及總體的社會支持；陸光五村時期，單純化的休閒活動發展個人認同與情緒性、友伴支持。
三、休閒場域中公共的產生與休閒經驗：故鄉時期，大宅院中展現原生家庭社會連結經驗；馬祖新村時期，聚落社區展現“接枝性”的社會連結經驗；陸光五村時期，大樓式建築展現二次“接枝性”的社會連結經驗。

根據上述的發現，本研究結論認為：
一、眷村第一代女性的生命史呈現被迫斷裂與積極重生的發展歷程：因為戰爭，使得眷村第一代的女性，必須隨先生轉換了空間，眷村第一代的女性和過去生命史產生斷裂的現象，必須於現今的環境空間中，重新適應與面對，積極發展出了另一種新的休閒型態。
二、隨著休閒主體的轉變，讓眷村女性體會到一種思苦憶甜的休閒經驗：思苦憶甜意指經驗脈絡的轉化（主體經驗會轉化），休閒經驗要視休閒主體的主觀認定來決定，在不同的階段，休閒主體的經驗會調整，例如：當時覺得有些辛苦不是休閒，而今回想起來卻覺得很好玩，將它視為休閒的一種形式。
三、政府提供的休閒空間與活動的規劃豐富了眷村的生活：豐富的公共生活，包括生產與消費活動、休閒活動及政治活動是在眷村的公領域中進行，政府透過自治會、婦聯會或是社區發展協會，提供相關的活動，而這些活動便成為支持著眷村的重要因素。
四、居住空間、活動與經驗產生二度融合並發展出關係性休閒：在馬祖新村中，生活上必須靠著鄰居朋友的互相支援與照顧，在休閒空間、活動與經驗，是一種就像種植的接枝技巧一般，把自己接枝在一個新的情境中，大家彼此之間產生了一種新的接枝融合過程。在陸光五村中，打散了老眷戶熟悉又簡單的休閒模式，她們又再度在新的環境中，建立起她們新的休閒互動方式，再度接枝，又再度融合。

關鍵字：休閒經驗、休閒場域、休閒阻礙、眷村

關鍵字

休閒經驗 ； 休閒場域 ； 休閒阻礙 ； 眷村

並列摘要

Abstract

Spatial Migration and Leisure Experiences of the first female generation
The case study of Matsu Village

This study focuses on the first female generation of “The Dormitories of the Military Dependents” and explores the relationships between spatial migration and leisure experiences. The research topics are: (1) what are the relationships among life cycle, living space and leisure activities in the life span of the first female generation; (2) what are the social roles and constraints that impact their leisure activities; and (3) how to transfer their leisure activities and experiences while they are moving?
Historical literature, secondary data, analysis of life span, semi-structure interviews and observations from key informant are applied in study methods. Base on the above-mentioned methods, the developing and transforming of the life span and home span, the social construction of women roles, and the leisure space and experiences of the women can be obtained. Their living communities are changed form “Matsu Village” to “Luguang 5th Village”. All life stories result from the eight interviewers (aging from seventy-four to eighty-two) and the nine additional informants.
Based on the life stories of the first female generation, the different developing process are found during the three stages of the transforming about the life span, living space and leisure activities.
1. In life span, they married at young stage and moved to Taiwan depending on the occupation and power of their spouses. They raised their kids at their middle stage at the Matsu Village. They mourned for losing their husband or kids at their old stage at the Luguang 5th Village.
2. In living space, the place is more and more opened from home town, the Matsu Village, to the Luguang 5th Village. The Matsu Village provided a great diversity of leisure field.
3. In leisure activities, the family social activities are the major one in home town stage. It has multiple choices about leisure activities during the Matsu Village stage; but simplify in the Luguang 5th Village stage.
Some phenomena were found in this research:
1. In the characteristic of leisure roles, the patriarchy influences their leisure roles at youth stage, they are getting the leisure power gradually at middle stage, and the power is completely controlled at old stage.
2. In the social recognition and support which are provided by leisure activities, the family leisure and friend social are developed in the integral identification and recognition, emotion, and company supporting at the Matsu Village stage, they are consisted of the developing roles of the multiple leisure activities, social recognition, and social support at the Matsu Village, and the personal identity, emotion, and company support are developed by using the simplified leisure activities at the Luguang 5th Village.
3. In leisure field of the emerging public conceptions and leisure experiences, The courtyard house exhibits the social connection of the native home at the home town stage, the village community shows the social connection of the phenomenon “graft” that two different social conditions combined together at the Matsu Village stage, and the architecture of the multi-storey buildings displays the social connection of the secondary “graft” at the Luguang 5th Village stage.
According to above-mentioned descriptions, several conclusions are descried as follows:
1. Because of the wars, the life history of first female generation of “The Dormitories of the Military Dependents” presented two different developing processes “broken” and “reliving”. During the wars, they must adapt different spatial and social conditions based on their husbands’ occupations and powers. Now, they create a new kind of leisure form according to their accumulate experiences.
2. They can feel a kind of leisure experience “BSNS” that one thing was suffering at the happened time, but it is sweet now when she is remembering.
3. Government provides public leisure spaces and plans multiple activities for enriching the life of “The Dormitories of the Military Dependents” through the self-governing committees, women associations, community developing associations, and many government’s departments that provide fruitful production, consumption, leisure and political activities in the public field.
4. Living space, leisure activities and experiences were merged twice and produced a new “relational leisure”. The females need social support at the public space of the Matsu Village, so they combined the past experiences into the new surrounding by using leisure to create the social identity and support. The process is so called “graft” in planting. In the Luguang 5th Village, the original and simple leisure forms were changed and they established a new leisure interaction “graft” and combine again.

Keywords: leisure experience, leisure field, leisure constraints, The Dormitories of the Military Dependents

並列關鍵字

leisure experience ； leisure field ； leisure constraints ； The Dormitories of the Military Dependents

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