自然筆記結合藝術與人文領域進行環境教育之教學研究

A Study of Incorporating Nature Journaling into Elementary School Arts and Humanities Area Teaching to Implement Environmental Education

陳彩雅(Cai-Ya Chen)

指導教授 ： 周儒

國立臺灣師範大學/理學院/環境教育研究所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

自然筆記可運用在許多學科的教學，學生透過自然筆記學習能對自然環境產生深刻的感受。研究者希望藉由自然筆記和藝術與人文領域的結合，達成環境教育的三個目標，在環境中教學、教學有關環境、為環境而教學。現今教育強調各學科間的科際研究、動手動腦的直接體驗、嚴謹具創意的推理、融和團體和個人的活動、多元智慧的培養，自然筆記完全符合這些改革目標。自然筆記教學與九年一貫課程所推行的目的是一致的，讓學生擁有帶著走的能力。

本研究是以校園和社區環境為場域，自編環境教育教材，針對一個四年級班級進行質性的個案研究，探討自然筆記的教學方法和策略、瞭解對學生的影響、教學研究者的專業發展和省思。搜集的資料包括：教學觀察紀錄、教學檔案、上課錄音、研究者札記、研究者的教學省思、研究者的自然筆記、訪談錄音、學生作品集、學生的自然筆記、學前後調查表等。

本研究主要發現： (一) 都市型的小學校園，可觀察到四季的變化、增進欣賞自然的能力，是發展環境教育的良好場所。(二) 本研究的環境教學策略和方法是自編教材，以自然筆記策略為主軸，指導學生繪畫技能，配合教學活動結合環境內涵來進行環境教育。(三) 運用自然筆記可以增強學生的觀察力，認識校園中的物種和環境，可增進地方感，提升環境覺知和敏感度。長期觀察記錄，學生能獲得第一手的經驗，從而尊重自然生命建立環境倫理觀。(四) 自然筆記教學結合了自然、藝術人文、環境教育、語文等領域，同時培養學生多方面的能力及發現學生的多元智慧。(五) 研究者在研究過程不斷有新的發現、教學上突破、社區資源運用、與同事的互動、教學省思，進而提升教學和環境教育的專業能力。

關鍵字

自然筆記 ； 藝術與人文領域 ； 環境素養

並列摘要

The method of the nature journaling can apply to various teaching subjects. By learning the nature journaling, students are able to obtain a good impression on what they have learned. Through incorporating the nature journaling, the arts and the humanities area, it hopes to achieve the three goals of the nature journaling, education about environment, education for the environment, education in or through the environment. Nowadays, the direction of educational reform includes interdisciplinary research, direct manual and brainstorming experiments, rigid and creative inference, and activities consolidating groups and individuals. In addition, it also plays a role in the concerted objectives within the course programs promoted in our nine-year compulsory education. The main objective is to work on education reform in order to equip students with proficient abilities.
The study was targeted at one class of 4th grade. The campus and the community environment were used to conduct the study. By self-editing the environmental education teaching material, a qualitative case study was processed for a class of 4th grade students. In the field of art and humanism, the study used nature journaling to conduct school environmental education, probe teaching method and strategy, and become aware of the influence on students, the professional development of those teaching researchers and their reflections. The collection of data included teaching observation records, teaching files, class recordings, researcher’s notes, researcher’s teaching reflections, researcher’s nature journaling, interview recordings, collections of students’ works, students’ nature journaling, and pre- and post-survey reports, etc.
The major findings of this study were (1) at the campus of an urban elementary school, the changes of four seasons could be distinctly observed and students’ ability to appreciate nature would be strengthened, so it was a good place to develop environmental education; (2)the method and strategy of environmental teaching were self-edited materials which were major in the strategy of the nature journaling, with instruction of the students’ drawing skill, by incorporating the teaching activities and the essence of the natural environment to process the teaching of environmental education (3) the utilization of nature journaling may enhance students’ observation ability, and increase their knowledge of the species on the campus and in the environment, which in turn may reinforce their affinity to the place, and enhance both their environmental cognition and sensibility; with long-term observation records, students may acquire first-hand experience and therefore develop their respect for nature and life, so that they would be able to construct their environment ethics; (4) by incorporating nature, art, humanism, environmental education and languages, nature journaling may nurture students’ competence in many ways and identify their diverse wisdom; (5) in the research process, the researcher continuously obtained new findings which may bring about a new breakthrough in teaching, better utilization of community resources, interactions with teaching colleagues, reflections on teaching, and enhancement of professionalism concerning teaching and environmental education.

並列關鍵字

nature journaling ； arts and humanities area ； environmental literacy

參考文獻

張德銳﹙2004﹚。教學檔案：促進教師專業發展。台北市：高等教育。

張子超﹙2001﹚。環境教育課程設計。台北：師大。

劉克襄﹙2000﹚。綠色童年。台北：玉山社。

王為國﹙1999﹚。國民小學應用多元智能理論的歷程分析與評估之研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育研究所博士論文。

吳文德﹙2001﹚。營造校園學習棲地進行校園環境教育之行動研究－以台北市溪山國小為例。國立臺灣師範大學環境教育研究所碩士論文。