賴明弘及其作品研究

A Study of Ming-Hong Lai and His Works

張雅惠(Chang Ya-Hui)

指導教授 ： 許俊雅

國立臺灣師範大學/文學院/台灣文化及語言文學研究所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

翻閱臺灣新文學運動的研究，總是可見賴明弘乍隱乍現的光影，對於這位躲在帷幕後謎樣的左翼知識人，究竟可以串起怎樣的殖民地故事，目前所見對賴明弘著墨最多的是1930年代的語言論爭，筆者以為，成長於殖民地啟蒙運動到政治運動的1920年代，成熟於普羅文化運動抬頭的1930年代，以新聞人、評論家與作家身份活躍於文化界的賴明弘，作為一個社會世代的知識分子典型，堅定不改的左翼立場與對普羅大眾始終的關懷，值得作為一個研究對象。
1930年以「年輕的馬克思男孩、?爭的理論家」參與鄉土文學?話文論戰；政治運動全滅後，1933年投身自由主義者經營的週刊報，以新聞人角色對社會提出批判；在社會運動領導人紛紛宣告轉向的1934年，轉而關心進步作家（反法西斯的自由進步主義）的大團結；扮演幕後斡旋的角色，1934年5月6日召集全島作家，作為臺灣新文學運動的歷史指標，成功組織「臺灣文藝聯盟」，為確立新文學運動今後的方向，以文聯使者身份前進東京，尋求指導與統一陣線，帶領臺灣文藝向「跨域交流」邁進。歸台後身體轉弱，開始以筆代劍，立志作一輩子的臺灣作家，贊成增設文學新舞台，提倡殖民地文學，協力《臺灣新文學》。
文化推手到化筆為劍的作家路，時間所歷是臺灣新文學運動最重要的時刻，本身的「和、漢文」寫作能力，讓他在戰爭期與戰後初期沒有被政治剝奪發言權，留下台灣文化人對於當代的看法，克盡在亂世為台灣人發言的責無旁貸。從書齋裡的左翼到實踐派的左翼，從普羅文學到殖民地文學，賴明弘用堂吉軻德般的信念，將「殖民地的解放」視為終極目標，並以此貫穿他的中心思想。戰後初期賴明弘兩度強調「政治解放」的光復意義，正是作為一個關心殖民地命運的時代青年，經歷日本帝國與國民政府統治後，其所思所想的總結。本論文筆者將就有限的史料，嘗試提出一種看法，希望能夠還給如賴明弘這類多數躲在幕後的文化人，一個正確的歷史評價。

關鍵字

賴明弘 ； 左翼 ； 文藝大眾化 ； 臺灣文藝聯盟 ； 寫實主義 ； 殖民地文學

並列摘要

Ming-Hong Lai is a mysterious yet significant left-wing intellectual during the 1930s when the Taiwan New Literature Movement was under rapid development. Recent studies on Lai mainly focus on the Nativist Literature Debate and the Taiwanese Language Debate in the 1930’s, as well as Lai’s position as a journalist, commentator and a writer in the culture field. Grown up in an era when the colonial movement shifted to political reformation, Lai’s persistent leftist position and constant concern for the proletarian has made him and his works worthy of analysis.
Lai was active in the Nativist Literature Movement and the Modern Chinese Vernacular Movement. As soon as the social-political movement came to an end, in 1933, Lai joined the weekly newspaper agency run by freedom activist and began to address the social issues critically as a journalist. In 1934, while the attention of the leaders of social movement shifted toward the union of writers who believed in Progressivism. On May 6, 1934, a meeting was convened by Lai to unite the writers islandwide and they successfully funded the Taiwanese Cultural Association. To ascertain directions for the Taiwanese New Literature Movement afterwards, Lai left for Tokyo as a representative for the association to look for guidance to take the Taiwanese culture to a cross-region level. After he returned to Taiwan, he became sick and started to voice his opinion as a writer. He was determined to write for Taiwan for his whole life and to assist in issues regarding the Taiwanese New Literature.
Shifted from an advocate of the cultural movement to a writer, Lai experienced the most important times during the Taiwanese New Literature Movement. When the literature during the time of war turned its focus to politics, Lai gave up his role as a writer and went to China. Early during the post-war period, Lai was able to voice his opinion as a Taiwanese writer on account that he could write the classical Chinese. As a left-wing intellectual, Lai’s concern for different ethnic groups, his mother land, and the liberation of the politics in the colonized Taiwan inspired him to incorporate socialism into literature to enlighten the public. Though his life as a writer was short, as a “cross-language, cross boundaries, cross-era Taiwanese intellectual, Lai strived to advocate the Taiwanese New Literature Movement. The evaluation of his place in the history during the period of occupation is left to the following generations. Based on limited historical resources, the researcher made an effort to position Lai in history.

並列關鍵字

Ming-Hong Lai ； Left wing ； Popularization of literature and art ； Taiwanese Cultural Association ； Realism ； Colonial literature

參考文獻

? 彭小妍主編《楊逵全集》（國立文化資產保存研究中心籌備處，2001年12月）

? 吳叡人〈福爾摩沙意識型態──試論日本殖民統治下臺灣民族運動「民族文化」論述的形成（1919-1937）〉（《新史學》17：2，2006年2月）

? 沈孟穎《台北咖啡館：一個（文藝）公共領域之崛起、發展與轉化（1930s-1970s）》（中原大學室內設計研究所碩士論文，2001年6月）

? 張文薰〈1930年代臺灣文藝界發言權的爭奪──《福爾摩沙》再定位〉（《臺灣文學研究集刊》1，2006年2月， 頁105-125）

? 賴松輝《日據時期台灣小說思想與書寫模式之研究（1920-1937）》（國立成功大學中國文學系博士論文，2001年，6月）