女體逾越：論台灣女性藝術家攝影影像之女性身體

Transgression of Female Body: Female Body in the Photographic Images Made by Taiwanese Female Artists

蔡淑雅(Tsai Shu Ya)

指導教授 ： 潘襎 博士

國立臺灣師範大學/藝術學院/美術學系/碩士(2006年)

摘要

本研究將藉由台灣當代女性藝術家的攝影影像作品，重新建立女性攝影影像文本中的主體性，並且重新賦予其美學上的意義。基於此目的，本文主要的研究問題如下：女性藝術家對於女性身體的思索有哪些部分？她們如何藉由作品傳達出自我的主體意識？攝影與女性創作者的關係？以及這些攝影影像作品所呈現的當代美學觀念為何？本論文藉由凝視概念與主體建構兩條軸線進行影像文本分析，分析女性藝術家的攝影影像作品所傳達的主體觀點與意識，並且接合女性主義理論，檢視性別、影像以及身體之間的關係，得到以下觀察與發現：

1.台灣當代女性藝術家透過攝影影像文本傳達了強烈的女性主體。此外也清楚地顯現其作品文本中具有的逾越性，女性身體透過逾越性的形式和內涵，顛覆父權中心的控制與銘刻，藉以達到建構自我主體的過程。
2.本研究也發現，性別主體觀念也由「性別二元對立」延伸至「多元文化主義」的傾向，作品中也呈現出多重主體的觀看狀態。
3.女性藝術家所建立的空間圖示與陰性空間具有密切的關連；再則，女性對於邊緣身體的滲透，也進一步解構了以男性大敘事為主的中心書寫，此種逾越中心及關注邊緣群體的方式，是當代女性藝術家傳達的重要特質之一。
4.新生代的女性藝術家，是接受新媒體洗禮的一代，其身體觀逐漸超越真實經驗的再現，並以數位方式進行拍攝、修改或以及變形，讓自我進入虛擬的身體感知中，性別差異也逐漸在數位與虛擬的空間中消弭，當代女性意識與媒材之間產生更為親密的互動。
5.對筆者來說，由於台灣女性自覺意識的發展不如西方全面與激進，這也讓台灣女性藝術家經常面臨自我認同的困境，推究原因，肇因於社會約束與女性自覺意識不足。

關鍵字

女性身體 ； 攝影影像 ； 女性藝術家 ； 主體性

並列摘要

This thesis will reconfirm the females’ subjectivity and make alternative definitions of aesthetic meaning to it through the examination of photographic images made by the contemporary female artists in Taiwan. Therefore the major issues of this study focus on the following questions: What do female artists think about their own bodies? How do they express subjective identity by means of art works? What is the relationship between photography and female artists? Consequently, what are aesthetic arguments in those contemporary photographic images? According to these inquiries, I tempt to analyze female artists’ works based on the viewpoints of “gaze” and “subjectivity” by which we can learn more about their idea on these issues. To put it further, I also use the theories of Feminism to examine the relationship among the gender, photography and women body. Throughout my observation and investigation, I will share with some discoveries in this study:

1.In present days, Taiwanese female artists make photography as a strong statement to express their identity and it is clear that they show “transgression” in their works with various forms and matters of females’ body. It is in such ways that female artists are able to transgress the authority of the patriarchy and demonstrate themselves as subject.
2.This thesis also discovered that the idea of sexual subject has been inclined to extend from “sexual duality” to “multiculturalism” which presents diverse states of seeing of multiple subjects.
3.There is a close association between spatial schema and maternal space which is constructed by female artists. They make their bodies as the “Other” and deconstruct the authentic “Narrative” of the patriarchy. For the same reason, this study proves that it is one of the most important qualities of female artists today.
4.Nowadays, there is more intimate interaction between female identity and new media. New-germination female artists use high-tech equipments, such as digital camera, to take photos, to modify pictures and to transform images. The Physical body is replaced by virtual body through digitization. The digital operation approves them to possess with virtual identification so that the difference of gender is declining on the internet web.
5.In my opinion, the development of self-identity is not as general and radical as Western female movement; Taiwanese female artists frequently face with difficult situation on such issue. I would like to argue that this problem is caused by the restriction of society and the deficiency of female self identification.

並列關鍵字

Female Body ； Photographic Image ； Women Artists ； Subjective

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