台灣地區外來種亞洲錦蛙(Kaloula pulchra)族群遺傳結構及來源之研究

A study on the Origin and Population Genetic Structure of Asiatic Painted Frog (Kaloula pulchra) in Taiwan

林旻儀(Min-I Lin)

指導教授 ： 呂 光 洋 博士

國立臺灣師範大學/理學院/生命科學研究所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

摘要:

亞洲錦蛙（Kaloula pulchra）原產的東南亞地區，為台灣最近才發現的狹口蛙科種類。目前在台灣的核心分布範圍在鳳山水庫附近約 40 平方公里的區域，核心區外有三處不連續分布的地點（屏東科技大學、高雄縣美濃鎮與杉林鄉）。亞洲錦蛙在大多數發現地點都有生殖族群，其體型大且生長快速，未來極有可能繼續向外擴張，且對本地生態產生衝擊。
為了解台灣地區亞洲錦蛙的來源、侵入台灣的次數以及在台灣島內的族群遺傳結構有，本研究利用PCR以及定序的方式來對於台灣幾個族群以及由香港、海南島、泰國抓取的亞洲錦蛙個體為外群進行族群內以及族群間的分析。從研究中發現，在所取得的所有台灣亞洲錦蛙個體只有一個基因型，而且顯示台灣地區的亞洲錦蛙族群不是來自於鄰近的香港、海南島及中國。這次我們取得美濃地區、鳳山水庫、陸軍官校以及泰國、海南島和香港的亞洲錦蛙的個體進行比較；發現台灣地區的亞洲錦蛙族群基因及核甘酸歧異度都很低，並且與鄰近地區族群沒有很近的親緣關係，推斷台灣地區的亞洲錦蛙確實為近年入侵的外來種而且應是一次入侵，其來源還需要更多其他國家的樣本進行比較分析。

關鍵字

族群遺傳結構 ； 亞洲錦蛙 ； 創始者效應

並列摘要

Abstract
Asiatic painted frog belongs to the family Microhylidae, (Kaloula pulchra). Originally distributed in Southeast Asia, it is a newly recorded species in Taiwan. Asiatic painted frog is primarily found distributed within a 40 km2 area around Fongshan Reservoir and also in the other three separate locations in Pingtung and Kaohsiung counties. We suspected that it is possibly as a result of human introduction. Breeding activities of the Asiatic painted frog have been observed in most of the distribution areas. Due to their size and growth advantage relative to the native species forgs in Taiwan, it is likely their continued presence in Taiwan will have a great impact on native species.

To gain a better understanding of the origin, process of introduction, and the population genetic structure of the newly recorded species, I conduct a DNA analysis on the mitochondrial DNA of the Asiatic painted frog in Taiwan and mitochondrial DNA of frogs from other regions by the use of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and mtDNA sequencing. Results samples indicated that the Taiwanese population was not originate from Hong Kong, Taiwan’s closest neighbor, as the Taiwanese populations showed only one haplotype, which is distinctly different from the population in Hong Kong. For this research, I comparing the genetic structure of the frog populations from three different locations in Taiwan to the specimens from Thailand、Hainan Island 、Hong Kong. We found that there is only little haplotype and nucleotide diversity in Taiwanese population genetic structure is distinctly different from those sampled in Hong Kong, Thailand and Hainan Island. The lack of diversity indicates that the Asiatic painted frog is newly introduction to Taiwan. Furthermore the large genetic distance to those population of neighboring countries indicate that the Taiwanese population is unlikely originated from the foreign samples I analyzed. Further analysis of Kaloula pulchra population from other locations is required to determine origination.

並列關鍵字

Population Genetic Structure ； Kaloula pulchra ； founder effect

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