從認知語意學論中韓「紅」色詞

The Color Term Hong「紅」(Red) in Mandarin Chinese and Korean : A Cognitive Semantics Study

白妵玄(Paek Joohyun)

指導教授 ： 王恩美 博士

國立臺灣師範大學/國際與僑教學院/東亞學系/碩士(2013年)

摘要

本論文以認知語意學的理論架構，考察紅色詞的語義架構。而為了探討中文使用者與韓文使用者實際上對紅色詞的認知，用問卷的方式來比較中韓紅色詞的看法。
　　首先從認知語意學的理論架構來看，包含原型理論（Prototype）、意象圖示
(Image schema)、概念隱喻（Conceptual metaphor）、轉喻(Metonymy)意義等觀點，分析「紅」的不同意義。為了收集豐富的詞彙，語料主要來源於中文與韓文代表性的大型詞典。經過分析之後，比較中韓紅色詞的共同點與差異點，從中文與韓文的隱喻意義與轉喻意義的比較來看，中韓紅色詞相同的概念為：「女人、熱情、生氣、危險、嫉妒、損失，共產黨、危險、警告」。不同的概念為「喜氣、吉祥、成功、受歡迎」，這些概念都在漢語紅色詞中具有的明顯的特點。另外值得看的是對「共產黨」的概念。雖然共產黨是紅色詞相同的概念，但是對共產黨的概念較為不同，中文中在臺灣對共產黨的意義為中共，韓文對共產黨的意義為親北勢力。而臺灣對共產黨的反感程度比較弱，但是韓國對共產黨的反感程度較強。
　　其次，為了探討實際上對紅色詞的認知，採用以中韓語言為母語的受訪者為對象的問卷調查方式。問卷內容方面分為三個部分。第一為「顏色聯想」，經過這階段可以得到的是受訪者所反映出詞彙語意概念聯想的顏色，依照「紅」所佔的比例排列以比較中文使用者與韓文使用者對紅的差別。第二階段是「聯想概念」，比較兩組受訪者對紅色首先想到的概念。第三階段為「對紅色的看法」，受訪者從第三題開始知道問卷主題是探討紅色詞，這階段可以得到兩組對紅色的一般認知。通過問卷調查，對紅色的看法有明顯的差距，中文使用者對紅色具有正面的看法，反而韓文使用者對紅色具有負面的看法。
　　最後說明產生共同性與差異性的原因，發生共同點的原因分三大類：相同的詞源、相同的生理機制以及受到異文化的影響；產生不同點的原因為不同的歷史文化及不同的政治制度。

關鍵字

認知語意學 ； 紅色詞 ； 中文 ； 韓文 ； 比較

並列摘要

This thesis is under the structure of cognizing the semantics. There are numbers of researches to explore about the color of the red. Now here is the point of the view to compare the differences for the word usage in between Korea and Taiwan by the questionnaires.
First of all, according to the structure of cognizing the semantics, there is an analysis to define the different word meanings about the red by the theory of prototype、image schema、conceptual metaphor and metonymy. From Mandarin and Korean encyclopedic dictionary we are told both common and different intersection. The metaphor and the metonymy provides the concept saying red has meaning of women、passion、anger、danger、envy、loss、the communist 、warning and pleasure、luck、success、welcome in different meaning. Also worth seeing is the concept of the communist. The Communists is always the symbol of the red color. The idea does meet the concept of the red to both South Korea and Taiwan (R.O.C.). However there is still different definition to Mainland Chinese (P.R.O.C.) specifically to say. For example, The Chinese Communists seems to represent all Communists to Taiwanese. Comparing to South Korean, they tend to assume that the Communists means the political power facing to North Korea. Besides, South Koreans have stronger political position against the Communists than Taiwanese.
Secondly, the questionnaires have been divided into three parts to discuss the definition for red which is based on Mandarin and Korean as a mother tongue. The phase one is referred to color connection. The quick reaction for the word meanings have recorded in ratio to show the interviewers understanding from Korean and Taiwanese. The phase two is referred to conceptual connection. The quick reaction for the conception when the interviewers think about the red. The phase three is referred to the point of view about the red color. All the interviewers start recognizing the theme of the questionnaires discuss about red. We can realize the general understandings about red in this phase. As a result, the questionnaires show the discrepancy is a lot of different from Korean and Mandarin. Obviously, Taiwanese have more positive thinking of red than Korean.
Last, the reason to describe the discrepancy and the cooperation is definitely related to the root of the word、physiologically same language system and foreign culture that generate the results of the questionnaires.

並列關鍵字

Cognized Semanticist ； Terms of red ； Mandarin ； Korean ； Comparison

參考文獻

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