玉山水苦賈及其相關類群之系統分類-特別論及玉山水苦賈的族群遺傳

The systematic study of Veronica morrisonicola and allied species with special reference to the population genetics of Veronica morrisonicola

吳家進(Chia-Chin Wu)

指導教授 ： 王震哲

國立臺灣師範大學/理學院/生命科學研究所/碩士(2009年)

摘要

玉山水苦賈及其相關類群包含三個在形態上相似的類群，分別為玉山水苦賈(Veronica morrisonicola)、雪山水苦賈(V. tsugitakensis)和玉山前山水苦賈(V. morrisonicola var. yushanchienshanica)。三者皆分佈於高海拔，其中玉山水苦賈分佈最廣，雪山水苦賈的分佈地點侷限在雪山圈谷，而玉山前山水苦賈的分佈地點侷限在玉山前山。本研究利用形質分析和分子資料探討此類群的系統分類問題，特別論及玉山水苦賈的族群遺傳研究。
本研究利用167個樣本進行形質分析，共測量12個形態特徵。根據ANOVA結果顯示，此三類群在7個外部形態特徵具有顯著差異(葉片長度、葉片寬度、節間長度、總花梗長度、花序長度、花梗長度和果實數量)，在歸群分析及PCA分析中可將此三群區分，但仍具有一些中間型的個體，另外玉山水苦賈分佈於合歡山的樣本形態差異較大。由葉綠體DNA所建構的親緣關係顯示，此三類群並非最近緣物種，雪山水苦賈的親緣關係較為疏遠。推估其分歧時間此三類群約為1.36百萬年，玉山水苦賈和玉山前山水苦賈的分歧時間約為0.25百萬年，另外分佈於合歡山的玉山水苦賈雖在形態上差異較大，但分子資料並無差異。
玉山水苦賈的族群遺傳研究，共使用了142～147個樣本數，合併葉綠體trnL intron和trnL-trnF spacer、核DNA的ITS區域與葉綠體trnD-trnT中的重複片段進行分析。由核DNA結果顯示，基因型歧異度以桃山族群和合歡山族群為最高。檢視基因型關連圖，玉山水苦賈的基因型可分成A、B兩群，其中A群占68%，B群占18.5%。檢視其族群變動歷史顯示，玉山水苦賈的族群數量在A群具有成長趨勢，B群則呈現一個穩定不變的狀態。在族群分化指數中，玉山水苦賈各族群並無顯著分化，由AMOVA檢測呈現族群的變異均在族群內。
由形質分析和分子資料結果，本研究將Huang and Huang (1998)認定的玉山水苦賈處理為玉山水苦賈(V. morrisonicola)、玉山前山水苦賈(V. morrisonicola var. yushanchienshanica) 和雪山水苦賈(V. tsugitakensis Masamune)。

關鍵字

玉山水苦賈 ； 系統分類 ； 族群遺傳

並列摘要

Veronica morrisonicola and allied species contains three morphologically similar taxa, namely V. morrisonicola, V. morrisonicola var. yushanchienshanica, V. tsugitakensis. They are distributed in high elevation (2500-3900 m). V. morrisonicola is the widest distribution species. V. tsugitakensis is limited in Hseuhshan. V. morrisonicola var. yushanchienshanica is limited in Yushanchienshan. The present study investigates the systematic of them by using morphological and molecular data special reference to the population genetics of V. morrisonicola.
In morphometric analysis, total of 167 samples and 12 characters were measured. The results of ANOVA show the seven characters are significantly different between the three taxa. PCA analysis and cluster analysis show that trend to separate into three groups. But in V. morrisonicola there is more variety in population of Hohuanshan. Based on the chloroplast DNA, V. tsugitakensis is most distant from other groups. The study estimate divergent time of the three groups in 1.36 Mya and V. morrisonicola and V. morrisonicola var. yushanchienshanica in 0.25 Mya.
Population structure analysis of V. morrisonicola were used 142-147 samples. Two chloroplast DNA region (trnL intron and trnL-trnF spacer), nuclear DNA region (ITS) and chloroplast tandem repeat region (trnD-trnT) were used in molecular anlysis. Based on nuclear DNA results, haplotype diversity in population of Taoshan and Hohuanshan are more than others. Based on minimum spaning network, there are two major groups of haplotype in V. morrisonicola. There are 68% in group A and 18.5% im group B. Based on bayesian skyline results indicated that group A was expansion but in group B.
According morphometric and molecular data, the present study treat V. morrisonicola, V. morrisonicola var. yushanchienshanica, V. tsugitakensis.

並列關鍵字

Veronica morrisonicola ； systematic study ； population genetics

參考文獻

Huang, S. F. and T. C. Huang. 1994. Notes on the flora of Taiwan (15)-the Veronica L. (Scrophulariaceae). Taiwania. 38: 5-17.

Ying, S. S. 1989(a). Miscellaneous notes on the flora of Taiwan (XII). Mem. Coll. Agr., NTU 29(1): 78, Pl. 2.

Ying, S. S. 1989(b). Miscellaneous notes on the flora of Taiwan (XII). Mem. Coll. Agr., NTU 29(2): 60, Pl. 7.

王唯匡 2002 台灣特有水生植物大安水蓑衣的族群分化與親緣地理學探討立

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