臺大醫院醫師個人資訊管理歷程之研究

A Study on National Taiwan University Hospital Physicians' Personal Information Management Processes

楊雅勛(Ya-Hsun Yang)

指導教授 ： 卜小蝶

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/圖書資訊學研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

隨著數位化資訊大量成長及網路取得管道的便利，不僅一般大眾依賴其為主要資訊來源，專業工作者也逐漸將其視為優先來源。醫師由於日常工作十分忙碌，因此如何快速且有效地蒐集、利用與管理個人資訊，不僅是醫師個人相當重視，同時也是提供醫學資訊服務的相關機構所關心的議題。本研究之目的即在瞭解醫師個人資訊管理行為特性與使用個人資訊管理工具之現況。過去有關醫師資訊行為的研究相當豐富，多關注於醫師的資訊需求、尋求與利用，特別是探討醫師如何由外部資源獲取資訊。而本研究則是以資訊活動內涵、工具使用與行動模式等面向，來探討醫師在取得外部資源後，如何管理其個人資訊空間，及與資訊互動之歷程。
本研究以臺大醫院醫師為研究對象，採用問卷調查、訪談與使用行為觀察等方法。問卷主要以文獻探討與前置性研究為基礎自製研究工具，採用配額抽樣方式，共計回收164份有效問卷，以瞭解研究對象進行個人資訊管理之歷程與使用工具之輪廓。同時也輔以訪談與使用行為觀察法，並採用目的性抽樣，共計有6位醫師接受訪談，主要在瞭解其個人資訊管理相關活動及影響因素；此外，他們也同意研究者進一步觀察其個人電腦中之檔案結構及提供軟體應用實例。
本研究結果重點包括：（一）醫師儲存資訊的主要考量包括時效性、需求相關性與蒐集難易性、將來使用的機率等，同時其偏好的儲存格式為PDF；（二）組織資訊方面，醫師多會依據再取用資訊時的情境線索，來進行檔案的命名；（三）醫師再取用資訊以瀏覽方式居多，因此仍會採用歸檔的資訊組織策略；（四）醫師對個人資訊與知識的保存與分享策略不同，醫師對個人知識的保存較謹慎，且備份較多複本，在分享上較為保留；（五）隨著職級與學歷的改變，醫師個人資訊管理的困擾會由獲取資訊轉變為保存、組織與再取用資訊的困擾；（六）醫師因不同性別、年齡、職級、投稿經驗、認知、保存資訊的特徵、任務特性與採用的軟硬體工具等，其個人資訊管理歷程均呈現不等差異程度。以人口統計變項而言，職級對各歷程造成差異最多、性別造成差異最少；但在個人資訊管理軟硬（媒）體工具的使用上，電子郵件、網路書籤、PDA、行動硬碟與網路硬碟則無人口統計變項上的差異；（七）醫師主要需要的個人資訊管理工具包含行事曆類型、書目（文件）管理軟體、整合檢索工具；（八）醫師會因個人資訊管理工具是否能有效達到管理目的、容易使用與節省時間而決定是否持續使用，同時可由工具的使用頻率與滿意度呈現顯著相關呼應。最後，根據研究結果分別對醫師個人、醫學資訊服務機構如圖書館、軟硬體與資料庫開發廠商提出一些具體改善建議。

關鍵字

個人資訊管理 ； 資訊行為 ； 個人知識管理 ； 個人資訊管理工具

並列摘要

Health professionals, like the general public, now rely heavily on digitalized information and the Internet as their main sources of information. Effective collection and storage of information for easy retrieval is crucial for physicians, with their hectic schedules, as well as for institutions that provide medical information services. This study aims to identify the key behavioral features of how physicians manage information, and to examine their use of personal information management tools. Up to the present, research in this area has mainly focused on information needs of physicians, on how they seek and use information, and especially on how they acquire information from external sources. This study, on the other hand, examines physicians’ information behavior in terms of processes, use of tools, and behavior patterns. Its objective is to investigate how physicians, after acquiring information from external sources, manage their personal information space and the information they have collected.
The target group of this study consisted of physicians serving at National Taiwan University Hospital. The study was conducted via questionnaires, interviews, and observation. A questionnaire was designed, after a review of the literature and some preliminary research, to generate a profile of the respondents’ personal information management processes and their use of available tools. The questionnaire was administered using quota sampling procedures. A total of 164 questionnaires were returned. In addition, six physicians, who agreed to let the researcher examine the structure of their personal computerized catalog system, were selected through purpose sampling for observation and interviewing, to enable the researcher to better understand their personal information management processes and identify possible factors involved in the choices they made. The participants also provided concrete examples of how they used information management software.
The main findings of this study are as follows. (1) Regarding factors that affect physicians’ decisions when storing information: the main considerations are the urgency, relevance, and availability/accessibility of the information, along with the likelihood of future need for the information. PDF is the preferred format for saving information. (2) Regarding how doctors organize the information they collect: most doctors name their documents based on clues related to the context in which they may need to refind or reaccess the information. (3) Regarding how doctors try to refind information: they were found mostly to simply browse through their files. Consequently, labeled filing is still their main information organizing strategy. (4) Regarding storage and distribution strategies for information of a personal nature: doctors are more cautious when storing personal information, and they usually save multiple back-up copies of the same data. When it comes to sharing or distributing personal information and knowledge, they tend to be relatively conservative. (5) Regarding the main nature of information management tasks: as the doctors rise in rank and position or as they receive higher academic degrees, their main concern in personal information management gradually shifts from acquiring information to storing, organizing, and refinding information. (6) Regarding individual doctors’ personal information management processes: these vary according to gender, age, rank, cognitive factors, type of information saved, nature of the task at hand, past experience in submitting academic papers for publication, and the software and hardware used to organize and store information. In terms of demographic variables, rank has the most impact on information management choices, and gender, the least. However, in terms of the use of personal information management tools, including software and hardware, no demographic variables were found to translate into differences in the use of email, Web bookmarks, and Web hard drives. (7) Regarding the key personal information management tools needed by doctors: these include calendars, document management software, and a desktop search system. (8) Regarding how doctors choose their Information Management tools: doctors tend to stick with a specific personal information management tool according to its effectiveness, ease of use, and time-saving qualities. There is a significant correspondence between the level of satisfaction with a tool and its frequency of use. Based on these findings, this study offers concrete suggestions for improvements in information management strategies that doctors, medical information centers such as libraries, and developers of software, hardware, and databases can consider adopting.

並列關鍵字

Personal Information Management ； PIM ； Information Behavior ； Personal knowledge Management ； Personal Information Management Tools

參考文獻

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