日治時期的草山地景與漢詩書寫

Caoshan Landscape and Han Poetry Writing during the Japanese Colonial Period

呂素美(SU-MEI LU)

指導教授 ： 廖振富

國立臺灣師範大學/文學院/台灣文化及語言文學研究所在職進修碩士班/碩士(2010年)

摘要

本論文以「日治時期的草山地景與漢詩書寫」為題，研究主軸採雙軌途徑進行，首先探討日治時期草山地區（包含大屯山區、竹子湖、士林、北投等）的開發歷程、以及地景的變化。接著以上述背景為基礎，透過相關古典詩作的分析，藉由詩人的文學描寫，結合區域地理的概念，以增進對草山地區歷史、地景的認識，進而彰顯本地區的自然與人文風貌。全文共分九章，分述如下。
第一章「緒論」，交代研究之動機、材料、方法與全文架構。
第二章「清領以前草山地區之開發」，回顧漢人至此區開墾，草山地區從小規模的漁獵到較明顯的農業耕作的過程。至於日治時期草山的地景變化，則是本文重心之一，將在以下各章詳加解說。
第三章「日治時期的草山美景及相關詩作」，首先討論草山涵蓋範圍的演變，接著分析草山從日治到戰後國家公園的發展，其後則是透過相關古典詩作的分析，呈現日治時期的草山山景之美、草山的花、羽衣園的花容等。
第四章「日治時期詠竹子湖櫻花之相關詩作」，由於日治時期竹子湖櫻花的發現與種植，曾經盛極一時，且對日本的殖民統治具有相當特殊的意義，因此本文特闢專章深入討論。首先介紹竹子湖的地理位置，接著分析古典詩作如何呈現櫻花之美、如何歌詠竹子湖櫻花的特殊性，並以「歌詠讚頌的詠櫻詩」、「平實描述的風景詩」與「寄情託興的寫意詩」三個部份討論詩人吟詠櫻花的心靈情志。
第五章「日治時期的大屯山及相關詩作」，先探討大屯火山群的形勢、地質、造林、物產和遊憩性質，接著專就大屯山之雪與「屯山積雪」詠景詩加以剖析，並細分為「期待驚訝之情」、「讚頌誇飾之作」、「悲憫關懷之心」，最後討論「屯山大八景與小八景」之相關詩作。
第六章「日治時期的草山溫泉及相關詩作」，內容則以草山溫泉的地理位置和被發現的時間，再則以日治時期所建與溫泉相關的建築，選擇其中的草山公共浴場、眾樂園、御賓館、巴旅館與竹子山莊分別討論，其中有二處已經劃為「歷史古蹟」、一處已做他用、一處早在1933年已廢止、一處仍處於荒廢狀態。詠草山溫泉之古典詩作則以「沐浴溫泉之樂」、「尋訪朋友之盼」和「七星湯花之效」三個部份做分享。
第七章「日治時期的北投溫泉及相關詩作」，首先討論北投溫泉的開發、與北投溫泉的相關建築，最重要的有天狗庵、松濤園、陸軍衛戍醫院北投分院及北投溫泉公共浴場與北投公園等。至於日治以來吟詠北投溫泉的相關詩作更多，分為「避暑納涼之作」、「靜心滌慮之詠」、「忙裡偷閒之作」和「清幽寧靜之景」四個部分，以作為研究當初北投風光景緻的材料。
第八章「日治時期的草山地區瀑布及相關詩作」，探討大屯火山群區內的瀑布，以其中曾經有相關報導的幾條瀑布做探討，包括鬼仔坑瀑布、半山泉、鳴湫墩、北投瀧、草山之瀧，這幾條較大較有名的瀑布。從已經列為古蹟的「草山水道系統」，其在日治時期提供台北市民飲用水的功能，草山水資源的豐沛可想而知。相關詩作所呈現的草山瀑布之美，亦提供讀者美之饗宴。
第九章「結論」，歸納本研究的結果，從草山地區的開發、其農業的發展到遊憩的提升。並藉由古典詩的研究，了解草山地區提供的遊憩功能，更期待草山地區的未來發展，能更好更臻完善。目的在拋磚引玉，期能為古典詩研究領域與草山地區之未來發展，提供參考借鏡之省思。

關鍵字

台灣古典文學 ； 竹子湖櫻花 ； 北投 ； 大屯山 ； 溫泉 ； 瀑布

並列摘要

The theme of the paper is based on the “Caoshan Landscape and Chinese Poetry Writing during the Japanese Colonial Period.” The emphasis of the study is carried out via two approaches: First, the paper discusses the development course of Caoshan (Grass Mountain) Areas (including Datun Mountains, Zhi Zi (Bamboo) Lake, Shilin, and Beitou) and the changes in landscape during the Japanese Colonial Period. Based on the aforementioned background, the study provides an analysis on relevant classics poetry works through literary description of poets and combines concept in regional geography, enhance acquaintance to the history and landscape of Caoshan Areas, which further highlights the nature and human culture of this area. The paper is divided into 9 Chapters, as described in the follows:
Chapter 1 Introduction: Introduces the study motivation, materials, methods and paper architecture.
Chapter 2 Development in Caoshan Area before Qing’s Rule: Reviews the process of Caoshan Areas evolving from small-scale fishing and hunting to more obvious agriculture faming. The landscape change in Caoshan during the Japanese Colonial Period is one emphasis depicted in this paper with further elaboration provided in the following chapters.
Chapter 3 Caoshan Scenery and Relevant Poetries during Japanese Colonial Period: Discusses the evolution of Caoshan coverage, followed by analysis on the development of National Parks in Caoshan Areas from the Japanese Colonial Period to post wars. Moreover, an analysis on relevent classic poetries is provided to depict the beauty of Caoshan Landscape and the flowers of Caoshan and Yuyi Park.
Chapter 4 Poetries chanting related to the cherry blossoms by Zhu Zi Lake during Japanese Colonial Period: Due to the discovery and planting of cheery blossoms by the Zhu Zi (Bamboo) Lake was flourished during the Japanese Colonial Period, which also implied considerable special significance to the Japanese Colonial Ruling; the paper provides this special chapter to discuss in details. First, the geographical location of Zhu Zi Lake is introduced, followed by an analysis of how classic poetries depict the beauty of cherry blossoms and how the uniqueness of chanting cherry blossoms by Zhu Zi Lake. Furthermore, the chapter is divided into three sections, “Poetries for Chanting Praises of Cherry Blossoms,” “Plain Descriptive Landscape Poetries” and “Enjoyable Poetries for Emotions Expression,” respectively, to discuss the spiritual inspirations for poets in praising cheery blossoms.
Chapter 5 Poetries related to Datun Mountain during Japanese Colonial Period: Explores on the situation, geology, afforestation, local products, and recreation property; followed by the analysis specifically on the snow of Datun Mountain and the chanting poetries for “Snow on Dunshan” that is further divided into “Expectation and Surprising Perception,” “Exaggerating chanting works” and “Compassionate Heart.” Finally, the Chapter discusses poetries related to “The Eight Great and Small views of Dunshan.”
Chapter 6 Poetries related to Caoshan Hot Springs during Japanese Colonial Period: The discussion on Caoshan Public Bath, Public Park, Royal Guest House, Bar Hotel, and Bamboo Hotel, is selected based on the geographical location and time of discovery of Caoshan Hot Springs and the Hot Springs related architecture built during the Japanese Colonial Period. Among which, two places have been designated as “Historical Monument,” as one place is designed for other uses while the other one has been abolished in 1933. The locations are still under abandoned stage. The classic poetries chanting Caoshan Mountain Hot Springs are shared through “Bathing fun in Hot springs,” “Expectation to Visit Friends,” and “Effectiveness of Seven-Star Flowers.”
Chapter 7 Poetries related to Beitou Hot Springs during Japanes Colonial Period: Discusses the development of Beitou Hot Springs and the architecture related to Beitou Hot Springs, including Tiengou Temple, Songtao Park, Japanese Army garrison specialized hospital, Beitou Branch, Beitou Hot Spring Public Bath, and Beitou Park. There has been a greater number of poetries related to chanting Beitou Hot Spring since the Japanese Ruling Period, including “Work of Enjoying the Cool Summer,” “Chanting of Meditation,” “Breaking Away from Work,” and “Scene of Quiet Serenity,” which are used as material for studying the original Beitou sceneries.
Chapter 8 Poetries related to waterfalls in Caoshan Areas during Japanese Colonial Period: Discusses the Waterfalls inside the Datun volcanic groups. Among which several waterfalls that have been reported will be discussed, including bigger and famous waterfalls such as the Geuiziken Waterfall, Half Mountain Spring, Mingchio Pit, Beitou Hot Spring, and Caoshan Hot Spring. It is perceived from the “Caoshan Watercourse System” listed as monument and the function as drinking water for Taipei citizens during the Colonial Japanese Period, the abundance of Caoshan receives is quite imaginable. The poetries related to the beauty of Caoshan Wateralls also serves as beauty feast for the readers.
Chapter 9 Conclusion: Attributes the results of this study from the development of Caoshan Areas, its agricultural development to recreational upgrades. The study of classic poetries can help us understand the recreational functions of Caoshan Areas. The author also looks forward to a more integral and better future development for the Caoshan Areas. The study aims to draw first attention from the public in order to provide reference and reflection on the field of classic poetry study the future development of Caoshan Areas.

並列關鍵字

Taiwanese Classic Literature ； Zhu Zi (Bamboo) Lake Cherry Blossoms ； Beitou ； Datun Mountain ； Hot Springs ； Waterfall

參考文獻

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