帝國的體育運動與殖民地的現代性：日治時期台灣棒球運動研究

Sport of the Empire and Colonial Modernity: Taiwan Baseball During Japanese Occupation

謝仕淵

指導教授 ： 溫振華

國立臺灣師範大學/文學院/歷史學系/博士(2011年)

摘要

日治時期台灣棒球運動的發展，係在殖民帝國範圍內，建立日本與台灣間的中央與邊陲關係，同時在島內建立滲透至基層社會的體育行政體制推廣棒球。在此基礎上，棒球運動透過競爭與合作的形式，使殖民地三民族彼此互動構成同調集團，不同的棒球隊透過比賽的競爭與協調，最後將台灣視為整體，進而團結一致朝向日本甲子園大會的目標前進，表現殖民地臺灣的進步文明以及對母國的忠誠態度，由此也展現了1920年代同化政策脈絡下，棒球作為「帝國的體育運動」的意涵。
棒球具有追求身體健康、鼓勵競爭與講求節制、倡導團結合作與犧牲奉獻等目的，具體了現代社會的價值基礎。而在政治社會運動脈絡下，棒球是台灣人證明自我不落於日本人，甚至爭強於世界的手段，也是面對殖民者對於體育資源分配不公平的批判基礎。
從事棒球的社群，對於棒球的價值認定也不盡相同，有些在刺激享樂與成就焦慮間彼此掙扎，也有不以輸贏僅為社交娛樂的目的，在此過程中，棒球運動的物質現象與消費文化，對於棒球社群的自我認同與社群分類的形成，具有一定程度的影響。做為球迷則在享受激情、自我期許為棒球明星之間，呈現出大眾文化面貌。
然而，棒球運動的權威與仲裁者，如裁判與教練多為日本人，以及運動資源分配落差，甚至門票與球具的購買能力，大致具有日台差異現象，台灣人從事棒球雖被鼓勵全力求勝，然而面對殖民者時，卻又自覺不如。因此，棒球所體現的現代性價值，也不能脫離殖民地的背景脈絡，以及存在於其中的殖民關係。

關鍵字

棒球 ； 野球 ； 運動 ； 體育 ； 殖民統治 ； 殖民地現代性

並列摘要

The development of Taiwan Baseball in Taiwan during the Japanese occupation was to establish political relations between the central Japan and the marginal Taiwan within the colonial empire, and simultaneously, to establish administrative structures which infiltrates to the roots in the island to promote baseball. On this basis, the competitive and cooperative norms of baseball have made the three ethnic groups among the colonies the same tune. By competing and cooperating with each other, different baseball teams in Taiwan finally see this island as a whole, and finally to unite as a whole to win the Koshien High School Summer Baseball Tournament held in Osaka, Japan. The “tri-racial harmony” shows the progress of civilization and the loyalty to the home country in colonial Taiwan, which also shows the meaning of baseball as the “sports of the empire” in the context of assimilation policies in the 1920s.

The purposes of baseball is to pursuit good health, encourage competition and emphasis on moderation, unity, cooperation, and sacrifice, of which the value of the concrete foundation of modern society. In this context of political and social movements, baseball is the way Taiwan proves itself does not fall in the Japan, or even a means of gaining the upper hand in the world. Moreover, baseball is the stand point for Taiwan to criticize the unfair allocation of sports resources against its colonists.

To the players’ community, the values of baseball are not necessarily the same. Some struggle between simulative pleasure and performance anxiety, while others seek social entertainment rather than losses and gains. The socio-material phenomenon and consumer culture of baseball have great influence on the identity of players community. To the fans, on the other hand, the value might be to enjoy the passion, or to expect one becomes the baseball star. This is part of popular culture.

However, baseball in Taiwan shows the social hierarchy during the Japanese occupation. For example, the authority and arbiter of baseball, such as referees and coaches, are mostly Japanese. The gap between resource allocations exists. Even the ability to purchase baseball game tickets, bats and groves roughly differs between a Japanese and Taiwanese. Although Taiwanese are encouraged in strive victories in baseball, when facing the colonists, they feel self-contradictory. Thus, embodied in modern baseball value, the background can not be divorced from the colonial context, and the colonial relationship exists within.

並列關鍵字

baseball ； yakyu ； atelic ； physical education ； colonial rule ； colonial modernity

參考文獻

臺灣地方自治協會，《臺灣地方行政》

何義麟，《跨越國境線──近代台灣去殖民化之歷程》，（台北：稻鄉出版社，2006）。

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游鑑明，《傾聽她們的聲音─女性口述歷史的方法與口述歷史的運用》，（台北：左岸出版，2002）。

蔡禎雄，《日據時期臺灣初等學校體育發展史》（台北：師大書苑，1995）。