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  • 學位論文

原始主義與東方主義新解---非西方現代藝術轉化的跨文化研究(1980 年代前後)

New Interpretation of Primitivism and Orientalism--A Trans-cultural Study of the Transformation (Before and After the 1980’s)

指導教授 : 王秀雄
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摘要


在全球性的後現代世界中,跨文化途徑(transcultural approaches)將是一項重要的工具,它可以讓我們重新將視覺文化定義成不規則、而非線性式的事物。非西方視覺文化研究應該要以動態、流動的方式來運用文化,而非以傳統的或純西方的觀點來進行,這種觀念正是古巴批評家歐帝斯(Fernandi Ortiz)所稱的跨文化(transculture)。 本研究擬從80年代之前與之後,西方與非西方的跨文化辯證演變,探討「原始主義」與「東方主義」對現代藝術發展的影響。尤其是與西方不同的「野性思維」及「東方主義」的轉向,在跨文化演變上對非西方現代藝術家所給予的啟示,並舉例說明,它在80年代之後,已逐漸演變成為非西方的「跨文化」基本精神與主要策略。而華裔現代藝術家的跨文化另類表現---「禪境」,亦即新東方主義或跨東方主義的核心,是否正是華裔當代藝術發展可行的第三條路? 本論文研究方法採用: 文獻探討、新歷史主義、藝術場域批評理論、後殖民論述,及密特勒(Gene Mittler)批評模式。研究架構,先從跨文化的基本精神探討,檢視原始主義的演變與東方主義的轉變,進而以<從舊剛果到新剛果的跨文化演變>、<墨西哥壁畫運動的重新定位>及<亞裔美洲藝術家的跨文化辯證>為案例,申論西方與非西方之間的跨文化辯證實情。 同時擇代表性的成功實例,諸如: 俄羅斯地區<野性思維的另類發展>、拉丁美洲地區<超現實主義的另類發展>、阿拉伯地區<新東方主義---傳奇與現實之間>、以及東南亞地區<印度之道: 發現者與守護者的雙重角色>、<跨東方主義: 東西方藝術交流中的日本效應>等,探討非西方現代藝術跨文化發展情形與特質,並分述其在80年代之前與之後各自所面臨的不同議題。 最後除了分析華裔現代藝術跨文化發展的源流與類型,並在結論中,從非西方現代藝術的跨文化演變,對台灣當代藝術發展的啟示,歸結成八點。同時以2008年及2009年台灣視覺藝展現象,所透露的跨領域徵候與跨文化趨向,做為佐證。

並列摘要


In the global postmodern world, transcultural approaches will be an important tool, it allows us to redefine the definition of Visual culture into irregular, and non-linear things. Non-western visual cultural research especially should use an active and fluid method when dealing with culture, and going on neither in traditional nor in pure western point of view. This concept was described by the Cuban critic Fernandi Ortiz as "transculture". This research is intended to study how the development of modern art to be influenced by "Primitivism" and "Orientalism", from the evolution of transculture dialectic between Western and non-Western world, before and after the 1980s. In particular, the savage mind and the turnover of Orientalism on non-Western modern artists for the inspiration, and examples, after the 1980s, has gradually evolved into non-Western "transcultural" basic spirit and main strategy. While the Chinese modern artist's performance in trans-cultural alternative---"Zen", i.e. new Orientalism or Trans-Orientalism, whether it is at the core of Chinese contemporary art in the development of a viable third way? The methodology takes on archive analysis, new historicism, art field critical theory, post-colonial discourse and Mittler critic model. The framework, starts with the basic spirit of the transcultural approach, examining the transformation of Primitivism and the turnover of Orientalism, and then discussing on the real situation of Western and non-Western transcultural dialectical by cases, such as "from the old to the new Congo’s transcultural evolution", "the Mexican mural movement relocation" and "Asian-American artist's trans-cultural examples of dialectical". At the same time successful examples of alternative representation, such as: Russian region by "wild thinking of alternative development", the Latin American region by "surrealism of alternative development", the Arab region by "new Orientalism – legend and reality" and East-South Asia region by “The Indian Way—Finders and Keepers”, "Trans-Orientalism and the Japan effect in East-Western art exchanges ", explore the effect of non-Western modern art trans-cultural development scenarios and features, and talk about their faces of different topics before and after the 80 's. Finally, in addition to the analysis of Chinese modern art trans-cultural origin and type of development and, in conclusion, from non-Western modern art trans-cultural evolution, how its effect and inspiration to the development of Taiwan contemporary art, comes to eight. At the same time to 2008 and 2009 Visual art exhibitions in Taiwan, revealed that the symptoms of interdisciplinary and trans-cultural tendencies, as corroboration.

參考文獻


王志明譯,《憂鬱的熱帶》,台北:聯經,2001。
夏鑄九,《空間,歷史與社會論文選》,台北:台灣社會研究季刊社,1993。
曾長生,<構成主義的東方詮釋者---探廖修平幾何造形的深層結構>,南華大學,第一屆中國美學與藝術理論研討會,2007。
曾長生,<拉丁美洲當代藝術發展(1980-2005)>,台北:藝術欣賞,十月號,台藝大,2007。
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被引用紀錄


鄧仁川(2013)。「魔幻寫實繪畫」之探索〔博士論文,國立臺灣師範大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-0801201418030226

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