優秀網球選手對不同網線張力的分辨力及網線張力對發球表現的影響

Elite tennis player sensitivity to changes in string tension and the string tension effect on the serving performance

黃鉢登(Po-Teng HUANG)

指導教授 ： 張家豪

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/體育學系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

目的：探討優秀網球選手在不同形式擊球下對網線張力的分辨力，及其對發球表現(發球球速、命中率及準確率)的影響。研究方法：10位優秀網球選手，平均年齡22.5 ± 2.8歲，平均球齡12.8 ± 3.1歲，國內最佳排名平均16.4 ± 13.7名，慣用網線張力直線平均53.3 ± 4.5磅，橫線平均53.4 ± 4.1磅；使用選手慣用球拍四支，並且將球拍網線張力設定為慣用磅數兩支以及 ± 5磅各一支，球拍採隨機兩兩分配讓選手執行發球、正拍以及自我檢測三種方式分辨不同網線張力的能力。並配合Festec高速攝影機(1000Hz)拍攝選手在不同網線張力時發球的影像，經由Kwond 3D 分析不同網線張力時發球球速的表現，並由同一個觀測者紀錄選手不同網線張力時的發球命中率及發球準確率。以二因子重複量數變異數分析(two-way ANOVA Repeated-measures)，並以LSD法進行事後比較。結果：優秀男子網球選手分辨網線張力的能力以自我檢測方式分辨力最高，平均約有高於五成的分辨力，發球時的平均分辨力約為五成，正拍擊球時的平均分辨力都低於五成；平均表現出相對較低的網線張力能夠擁有較好的發球速度，而隨著網線張力持續的提高，發球速度相對也持續的下降(低網線張力時平均發球球速為183.3 ± 8.0 km/h，慣用網線張力時平均發球球速為181.1 ± 8.5 km/h，高網線張力時平均發球球速為178.3 ± 8.3 km/h)，此外平均發球發向內側(靠近中線)球速比發向外側球速來的快；而不同網線張力間對於內外側發球區的發球進球率以及發球準確率均沒有顯著上的差異。結論：(一) 選手分辨網線張力的能力以自我檢測方式分辨力最高，平均約有五成的分辨力。而發球以及正拍擊球平均分辨力都低於五成。(二) 相對較低的網線張力能夠擁有較好的發球速度，網線張力持續提高，發球速度相對的也持續下降。(三) 發球發向內側(靠近中線)球速比發向外側球速快。

關鍵字

網線張力 ； 平擊發球 ； 發球球速 ； 準確率 ； 網線張力敏感度

並列摘要

Purpose: To investigate the sensitivity of string tension by different serving styles, and the effects of string tension on serving. Methods: ten elite tennis players participated in this study. (age: 22.5 ± 2.8 years, training years: 12.8 ± 3.1 years, best ranking in Taiwan 16.4 ± 13.7, dominant string tension: 53.3 ± 4.5 pounds, crosses string tension 53.4 ± 4.1 pounds). The subjects were allowed to use their own rackets (four rackets each) in the experiment. Two of the rackets were strung at dominant tension they used; the other two were strung at ± 5 pounds to the dominant tension. Rackets were grouped into two randomly. The subjects were asked to perform serving, forehand swing, and self-detection to distinguish the differences of tension. High speed camera(1000Hz) was used to record the serving, and the ball speed was analyzed by Kwon 3D software. The serving percentage and accuracy were recorded and analyzed by the same investigator. Two-way ANOVA Repeated-measures was used to analyze, and LSD method was used for post hoc. The significant level was set at .05. Results: The best way to detect the string tension was self-detection (over 50% accuracy). To detect it by serving was in the middle (about 50% accuracy), and the worst way was forehand swing (below 50% accuracy). The lower string tension induced better serving speed. The serving speed was decreased with string tension increased. (Average speed in low string tension was 183.26 ± 8.01 km/h, average speed in dominant use was 181.07 ± 8.45 km/h, average speed in high string tension was 178.28 ± 8.30 km/h). Besides, the average serving speed in the medial of centre service line was higher than in the lateral of centre service line. There was no significant difference on serving percentage and accuracy in the medial and lateral of centre service line in different string tension. Conclusion: (1) The sensitivity for discriminating the string tension was highest in self-detection (above 50%); (2) The lower string tension showed the better serving speed. The serving speed was decreased with string tension increased. (3) The average serving speed in the medial of centre service line was higher than in the lateral of centre service line.

並列關鍵字

string tension ； flat serve ； serving speed ； serving accuracy ； sensitivity of string tension

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