台中市某國中學生身體意象與飲食異常傾向之相關研究

李雅惠(ya-huei li)

指導教授 ： 胡益進

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/健康促進與衛生教育學系在職進修碩士班/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本研究主要目的在了解國中學生身體意象與飲食異常傾向現況，進而比較不同背景因素在身體意象與飲食異常傾向上差異情形；以及探討社會因素、身體意象與飲食異常傾向之間的關係及飲食異常傾向預測因子。
以台中市九十九學年度第二學期之全體國中學生為研究母群體，分層隨機抽樣方式抽樣選出397個樣本，回收397個樣本，整理後刪除無效問卷10份，有效樣本為387人，有效問卷占97％。以SPSS 19.0 for Windows 統計套裝軟體進行描述性統計、單因子變異數分析、卡方百分率同質性檢定、皮爾森積差相關係數及複迴歸分析進行資料分析。
本研究結果分析如下：
一、本研究對象身體質量指數的分布以「正常」者居多佔57.6％，其次為 「過輕」佔20.7％。
二、研究對象身體意象整體得分接近中間平均值。「外表取向」高於中間值，「外表評價」、「對體重過重之關注」、「身體各部位滿意度」則低於中間值。
三、研究對象屬於飲食正常組有（86.6﹪）、飲食異常組有（13.4﹪）。
四、研究對象男生在身體意象總量表、「外表評價」、「身體各部位滿意度」中得分高於女生，在「外表取向」、「對體重過重之關注」、「飲食異常傾向」則是女生高於男生；八、九年級在身體意象總量表及「外表取向」、「對體重過重之關注」高於七年級，「身體各部位滿意度」則七、八年級高於九年級；身體質量指數較低者在身體意象總量表、「外表評價」、「身體各部位滿意度」得分高於身體質量指數高者、「對體重過重之關注」則相反，而在「飲食異常傾向」中肥胖者高於正常者。
五、社會因素與身體意象總量表、「外表評價」、「外表取向」、「對體重過重之關注」、「身體各部位滿意度」與有顯著正相關。
六、飲食異常傾向與社會因素及身體意象之間有顯著相關。
七、研究對象飲食異常傾向之預測因子為「對體重過重之關注」、「外表取向」、「身體各部位滿意度」，可解釋飲食異常傾向總變異量為36.7％，其中以「對體重過重之關注」解釋力最大。

關鍵字

國中生 ； 社會因素 ； 身體意象 ； 飲食異常傾向

並列摘要

The research’s main purpose was to understand the junior high school students’ present conditions of body image and abnormal diet tendency, compare further the different situations of influence of dissimilar background factors on body image and abnormal diet tendency, and explore the correlation among social factors, body image, and abnormal diet tendency, as well as the predictive factors of eating disorder.
The entire junior high school students of the 2nd semester, 2010 academic year in Taichung City were taken as the parent population, the way of stratified random sampling was adopted to do the sampling and select 397 samples with 397 samples retrieved; after sorting out, 10 copies of invalid questionnaire were deleted, there were 387 valid samples, and the valid questionnaire occupied 97%. The statistical software package of SPSS 19.0 for Windows was utilized to do descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Chi-square test for homogeneity, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis to do data analysis.
The analyses of the research findings are as follows:
1.The distribution of research subjects’ BMI was mostly “normal.”, followed by "too light" accounted for 20.7%.
2.The overall score of the research subjects’ body image was close to the mean value. “Appearance orientation” was higher than the mean value, and “appearance evaluation,” “overweight preoccupation,” and “body areas satisfaction” were lower than the mean value.
3.As for the research subjects, the ones that belonged to normal diet group were of 86.6%, and the ones that belonged to abnormal diet group were of 13.4%.
4.The boys’ scores in the body image scale in “appearance evaluation” and “body areas satisfaction” were higher than the girls; the girls’ scores in “eating disorder,” “appearance orientation” and “overweight preoccupation” were higher than the boys’; the eighth-graders and ninth-graders’ scores in “appearance orientation” and “overweight preoccupation” were higher than the seventh-graders’, and the seventh-graders and eighth-graders’ score in “body areas satisfaction” was higher than ninth-graders’; the ones with lower BMI had higher scores in “appearance evaluation” and “body areas satisfaction” than the ones with higher BMI, and as for the part of “overweight preoccupation” was on the contrary; regarding “eating disorder,” the obese ones were higher than the normal ones.
5.Social factors with the in the body image scale, “appearance evaluation,” “appearance orientation,” “overweight preoccupation,” and “body areas satisfaction” were significantly and positively correlated.
6.A significant correlation existed eating disorder tendency, social factors, and body image.
7.The predictive factors of the research subjects’ eating disorder were “overweight preoccupation,” “appearance orientation;” and “body areas satisfaction,” the total variance that could explain the eating disorder was 36.7%, and the explanatory power of “overweight preoccupation” was the greatest.

並列關鍵字

Junior high school students ； social factors ； body image ； eating disorder

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