國中小學學生圖像理解與眼球運動之差異 -以圖畫書發現小錫兵為例

Differences of Eye Movement and Image Understanding Between Junior High School Students and Elementary School Sutdents - A Study of Picture Book Der standhafte Zinnsoldat

陳明俊(Chen Ming Chun)

指導教授 ： 伊 彬

國立臺灣師範大學/藝術學院/設計研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

兒童進入青少年時期的過程，在認知發展產生了很大的進步，對圖像理解的差異，除了前人所提的經驗與熟悉度之外，性別生理上的差異也造成了眼動模式的不同。本研究系針對國小六年級與國中九級兩大年齡組，以無字繪本發現小錫兵為視覺刺激物，透過眼動儀追蹤眼球運動以及口述詢問兩種方式，記錄受測者在觀看視覺刺激物時的眼動模式，以及各自對刺激物圖像的解讀。參與者為台北地區某小學六年級學生40人，與國中九年級學生42人。參與者從電腦螢幕中觀看刺激物，並回答問題。研究結果顯示：1. 故事寓意隨年齡改變，國中九年級的學生已能有高層次的圖像理解。2. 行為與穿著為這個時期的青少年對圖像角色判斷的重要依據。3. 空間擺設的變化可以察覺到時間流逝的順序。4. 女性注視時間與掃視次數比男性短，根據既有文獻理論，推論本研究中女性的圖像理解歷程較男性為短。5. 個人經驗亦影響掃視幅度，國中九年級的平掃視幅度明顯增大。6. 國中小學參與者的瞳孔數值主要受畫面色彩影響，與個人情緒無關。7. 交互參考眼動軌跡與問卷回答得知：男性較會注意畫面的深度，女性則較會注意畫面的文字。以上結果可用於日後相關圖像設計與研究的重點參考。

關鍵字

圖像理解 ； 眼球運動 ； 眼動儀 ； 兒童 ； 青少年 ； 性別 ； 圖畫書

並列摘要

As children enter into the stage of adolescent, they gain great progress on cognition, apart from the personal experience and familiarity, the physiology of different genders contribute influence to eye moment movement as well. The paper made a study on 40 elementary sixth grade students and 42 junior high school ninth grade students in Taipei, using picture book without text titled “Discover of Little Tin Soldier” as a stimulus, to control 2 variables, which are “picture presentation” and “questionnaire”. Through eye tracker system and verbal questioning, the eye movement and answer of the subjects were recorded and analyzed. The participants watched the stimuli on computer screen, then answered relevant questions. The research showed: 1.Meaning of the story varied according to ages, ninth-grade students possessed a higher level of image understanding. 2. Behavior and dress code had been the consideration basis for adolescent on story character. 3. Decoration of spaces could show time flow and sequence. 4. Fixation period and scanning frequency of female were lower than male, deduced from existing literature theory, the female sample’s image understanding course was shorter than male. 5. Personal experience did influence the scanning amplitude; the ninth graders had shown higher scanning amplitude. 6. The pupil sizes of elementary school and junior high school were mainly subjected to the image colors rather than personal emotion. 7. The eye movement locus and questionnaire answers showed: male pays more attention on the depth of the images while female pays attention on the text in the images. The results above can be used as a reference for related image design or study in the future.

並列關鍵字

Image Understanding ； Eye Movement ； Eye Tracker ； Children ； Adolescent ； Gender ； Picture Book

參考文獻

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